Dual Credit Chemistry Chapter 12

Substance that is in the smaller amount

Substance that is in the smaller amount

solute

Substance that is in the larger amount

solvent

Homogeneous mixture of two or more substances

solution

Maximum amount of solute is dissolved

saturated

More solute is able to dissolve

unsaturated

Greater than the max amount of solute is dissolved

supersaturated

Liquids that dissolve in each other

miscible

Liquids that are not soluble in each other

immiscible

The amount of solute compared to the amount of solvent

concentration

Solubility of a gas in a liquid is directly proportional to the pressure on the surface of the liquid

Henry’s law

What are the properties of solutions?

Homogeneous, extremely small particles, can be separated by evaporation

What occurs in solvation?

The solvent molecules surround the solute

How do water molecules arrange themselves around an ion?

Hydrogen surrounds negative, oxygen surrounds positive

How does the solubility of a solid change with temperature (most of the time)?

Directly proportional

What makes a solid solute dissolve faster?

Increase in temperature, agitation, crushing

What happens when you add more solute to a supersaturated solution?

Crystalizes

What happens when you add more solute to a saturated solution?

Sinks

How does the solubility of a gas change with temperature?

Inversely related

How does the solubility of a gas change with pressure?

Directly proportional

How is molarity calculated?

moles of solute/L of solution

What do colligative properties depend on?

Number of particles

What dissolves in a polar substance

Polar and ionic

Low pressure causes gas to leave the solution

effervescence

How do you calculate molarity?

moles of solute/liters of solution

How do you calculate molality?

moles of solute/kg of solvent

How do you calculate mass percent

mass of solute/mass of solution x 100

How do you calculate parts per million?

mg/L

How do you calculate parts per billion?

μg/L

Abbreviation for Molarity

M

Abbreviation for Molality

m

Abbreviation for mass percent

%

Abbreviation for parts per million

ppm

Abbreviation for parts per billion

ppb