Russian Noun Case Endings

Nominative: masculine plural

Replace ending with -и

Nominative: feminine plural

Replace я or ь with и

Replace а with ы

Nominative: neuter plural

Replace о with а

Replace е with я

Genitive singular: masculine

Add а after consonants

Replace й or ь with я

Genitive singular: neuter

Replace о with а

Replace е or ие with я

Genitive singular: feminine

Replace я or ь with и

Replace а with ы

Genitive plural for nouns ending in…

* a soft sign, ь
* consonants ж, ш, ч, щ
* a consonant + е

Replace vowel/ь with or add -ей

Genitive plural for…

* Masculine and feminine nouns that end in a vowel (-a, -я)
* neuter nouns that end in -o
* nouns with the suffix -ин

drop the last vowel or suffix

nouns ending in -я take the soft sign to preserve sound

Genitive plural: nouns that end in -ия, -ие and -ея

add -й after dropping the last vowel

Genitive plural: masculine nouns that end in a hard consonant

add -ов

Dative singular:

* masculine nouns that end in a consonant
* neuter nouns that end in о

add / replace with -у

Dative singular:

* masculine nouns ending in -й, -ь
* neuter nouns ending in -е, -ие

Replace with -ю

Dative singular: feminine nouns ending in -я, -ь

replace with -и

Dative singular: feminine and masculine nouns ending in -a

replace with -е

Dative plural:

* masculine nouns ending in a consonant
* neuter nouns ending in -o
* feminine nouns ending in -a.

Add -ам

Dative plural:

* masculine nouns ending in -й, -ь, -я
* neuter nouns ending in -e
* feminine nouns ending in -я, -ь

Add -ям

Accusative singular: inanimate feminine ending in -а, -я

Replace а with у

Replace я with ю

Accusative singular: inanimate (all other than feminine ending in -а, -я)

no change

Accusative singular: animate feminine ending in -ь

no change

Accusative singular: animate masculine

Add а after consonant

Replace ь with а

Accusative singular : animate masc/fem ending in -а, -я

Replace а with у

Replace я with ю

Accusative plural: inanimate

same as nominative plural

Accusative plural animate: masc/fem ending in -ь

Replace -ь with -ей

Accusative plural animate: masculine ending in consonant

Add -ов

Accusative Plural animate: masc/fem ending in -а, -я

same as plural genitive

(drop the last vowel or suffix

nouns ending in -я take the soft sign to preserve sound)

Instrumental singular:

* masculine nouns ending in a consonant
* neuter nouns ending in -o

* Add -ом

Instrumental singular:

* masculine nouns ending in -й, -ь
* neuter nouns ending in -е

* Add -ем

Instrumental singular:

* feminine and masculine nouns ending in -я

Add -ей

Instrumental singular:

* feminine and masculine nouns ending in -a

Add -ой

Instrumental singular:

* feminine nouns ending in -ь

Add -ью

Instrumental singular:

* masculine nouns ending in a consonant
* neuter nouns ending in -o
* feminine nouns ending in -a

Add -ами

Instrumental plural:

* masculine nouns ending in -ь
* neuter nouns ending in -e
* feminine nouns ending in -я, -ь

Add -ями

Prepositional singular: masculine nouns

* Add -е
* if -й, replace with и


* Some nouns (mostly single syllable) take -уwhen used after the prepositions в and на (but not after preposition “о”)

Prepositional singular: feminine nouns

* Replace -а with -е
* Replace -я with -е
* Replace -ь with и

Prepositional singular: neuter nouns

* Replace -о with -е
* -е remains unchanged.

Prepositional plural: all nouns

* Replace -а, -о or a consonant with -ах
* Replace the last letter with -ях