Neural Tube Development and Brain Anatomy: Embryology and Clinical Terminology

What are the two main divisions of the nervous system?

Central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) and peripheral nervous system (ganglia and nerve fibers).

What is the role of the autonomic nervous system in relation to the central and peripheral nervous systems?

It is located in both systems and features aspects of both.

From which germ layer does the neural tube develop?

The embryonic ectoderm.

What are the stages of neural tube formation?

Neural plate, neural groove, neural fold, and neural tube.

What is the sulcus limitans and its function?

An anatomic landmark that divides cells by function into sensory (alar plate) and motor (basal plate).

What are the derivatives of the neural crest?

Dorsal root ganglia, sensory ganglia of certain cranial nerves, autonomic ganglia, and adrenal medulla.

What are the three primary vesicles in brain development?

Prosencephalon (forebrain), mesencephalon (midbrain), and rhombencephalon (hindbrain).

What are the secondary vesicles derived from the prosencephalon?

Telencephalon and diencephalon.

What secondary vesicle is derived from the mesencephalon?

Mesencephalon.

What are the two secondary vesicles derived from the rhombencephalon?

Metencephalon and myelencephalon.

What are the divisions of the adult brain?

Telencephalon, diencephalon, mesencephalon, metencephalon, and myelencephalon.

How is the anatomic brain defined?

As the combination of the cerebrum and brainstem.

How is the clinical brain defined?

As the combination of the forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain.

What is the caudal end of the neural tube associated with?

Neural groove and neural plate.

What is the rostral end of the neural tube associated with?

Neural plate and neural groove.

What is the function of the alar plate?

It is associated with sensory functions.

What is the function of the basal plate?

It is associated with motor functions.

What is the significance of the notochord in neural development?

It plays a role in the formation of the neural tube and surrounding structures.

What is the central canal in the context of the neural tube?

It is the cavity that forms within the neural tube.