Speech Disorders Childhood Disorder Part 1

Delayed

Speech sound impairments that are caused by factors such as family history, early and frequent ear infections, and personality factors.

Disordered

Speech sound impairments that are caused by conditions such as childhood apraxia of speech and dysarthria, which are neurological disorders affecting motor planning and muscle control.

Premature representations

Speech sound errors that occur when a child attempts to learn sounds that are developmentally too difficult for them, resulting in persistent errors.

Preschool children normalize their speech by age but some individuals maintain _ even with intervention

~ age 6

~ maintain errors even with intervention.

Correlates/Predictors

Factors that are associated with speech sound impairments, including cognitive function, language impairments, Y-chromosome, hearing loss, and structural abnormalities.

Cognitive Function & Speech

The relationship between cognitive abilities such as attention, memory, and executive function, and speech sound impairments, with some populations with impaired cognitive function having a higher prevalence of speech disorders.

Language Impairments

The co-occurrence of speech sound impairments and difficulties in areas such as morphology and syntax, which can make it challenging to differentiate between speech and language issues.

Y-Chromosome

The influence of genetic factors, particularly the presence of the Y-chromosome, on the development of speech sound delays or disorders, with males being more commonly affected.

Hearing Loss

The impact of hearing loss on speech perception, both in terms of perceiving others' speech and monitoring one's own speech, leads to difficulties in various aspects of speech production.

Structural Abnormalities

Anomalies or malformations in the craniofacial region, such as cleft lip/palate, which can affect speech production, swallowing, and feeding, particularly in the production of specific speech sounds.

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