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A Level Chemistry: Includes Markownikoff’s Rule, Pi and Sigma bonds, Mr Calculations of organic compounds, and Nomenclature of organic compounds
Describe a sigma (σ) bond
A covalent bond caused by the direct overlap of orbitals of the bonding atoms
How is a π Bond formed?
Electrons in the adjacent p orbitals overlap above and below the carbon atoms.
What is the most stable of carbocation intermediate? Why?
Alkyl groups have a positive inductive effect, so the most stable carbocation is the one bonded to the most other carbon atoms
Major products will be formed from which kind of carbocations?
The most stable- either tertiary or secondary
What is an Electrophile?
Species that are electron pair acceptors
How does a molecule with a non-polar bond act as if it is in an Electrophile?
C=C with a high electron density induces a temporary dipole in the halogen molecule therefore the δ⁺ atom is attracted to the double bond
