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What are the primary protective structures of the brain?
The meninges and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).
What is the largest and most superior portion of the brain?
The cerebrum.
What is the function of the thalamus?
Sorts and redirects sensory input.
What part of the brain regulates homeostasis?
The hypothalamus.
Name the four lobes of the cerebral hemispheres.
Frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital lobes.
What connects the two hemispheres of the brain?
The corpus callosum.
What are the three main parts of the brainstem?
Midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata.
What is the role of the cerebellum?
Coordinates voluntary muscles and maintains balance.
What is cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and its primary functions?
CSF is a clear fluid that supports nervous tissue, cushions from shock, transports waste, and carries nutrients.
Which cranial nerve is responsible for the sense of smell?
The olfactory nerve (I).
What cranial nerve is associated with vision?
The optic nerve (II).
Which nerve controls eye movements?
The oculomotor nerve (III).
What is the function of the facial nerve (VII)?
Controls muscles of facial expression and carries taste sensations.
What disorder is associated with the vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII)?
Hearing loss or balance issues.
Which cranial nerve is involved in regulating the vocal cords?
The vagus nerve (X).
What is Bell's palsy?
A disorder of the facial nerve (VII) causing temporary facial paralysis.
What part of the brain plays a role in emotional responses?
The amygdala.
What does the term 'cerebral cortex' refer to?
The gray matter that covers the cerebral hemispheres, responsible for higher mental functions.
What are symptoms of seizures?
Abnormal electrical activity in the brain.
What is the function of the reticular formation?
Sends impulses to the cerebral cortex to keep us awake and attentive.
What are degenerative brain diseases mentioned in the notes?
Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's diseases.
What is hydrocephalus?
Abnormal accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid in the brain.
What brain structure is involved in processing and interpreting vision?
The occipital lobe.
What does the hypothalamus regulate?
Heart rate, body temperature, and hunger among other functions.
What cranial nerve is responsible for tasting and swallowing?
The glossopharyngeal nerve (IX).
What is the major role of the basal nuclei?
To control voluntary movements and filter movement signals.
What is the long structure that divides the cerebrum into two hemispheres?
The longitudinal fissure.
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