Kyra Earth Science Test notes

What are the properties of Earth's layers?

Crust = Solid 5-70 km thick; Mantle = solid 285 km thick; Outer core = Liquid 2200 km thick; Inner core = solid 1270 km thick.

What are the 6 most common minerals in the crust?

Feldspar, Quartz, Pyroxene, Amphibole, Mica, Olivine.

What are minerals?

Building blocks of life.

What are the mineral properties?

Color, Hardness, Lustre, Cleavage, Streak.

What is the Moh's hardness scale?

The hardness of a mineral is determined based on what it can or can't scratch.

What is the definition of a rock?

A naturally occurring solid made of minerals or mineral-like material.

What are some common uses of intrusive and extrusive rocks?

Intrusive = building and construction; Extrusive = exfoliating scrubs.

What is an evaporite?

A rock salt-like material that forms when minerals dissolved in water are left behind as crystals when the water evaporates.

What is banding?

Minerals separate into light and dark stripes.

What is the definition of metamorphic rocks?

The amount of change to the parent rock due to the temperature and/or pressure the rock experienced.

How are crystalline sedimentary rocks formed?

From evaporation or precipitation.

How are bioclastic sedimentary rocks formed?

From processes that involve living organisms.

How are sedimentary rocks classified?

By their type of sediments.

What are some examples of clastic rocks?

Shale, breccia, siltstone.

What are some examples of crystalline rocks?

Rock salt, rock gypsum, dolostone.

What are some examples of bioclastic rocks?

Limestone and coal.

What is a metamorphic rock?

A rock that has been changed by heat or pressure.

What is weathering affected by?

The climate, hardness of the rock, and amount of exposed surface area.

How are sedimentary rocks formed?

From the compaction and cementation of sediments.

What are sediments?

Fragments of rocks that have been broken down by the weathering process.

What is deposition?

The settling and accumulation of sediments to form sedimentary rocks.

How are clastic sedimentary rocks formed?

From sediments that have been compacted by the weight of water or other sediments and cemented together.

What is erosion?

The moving of sediments from their original place to another.

What is deposition?

The dropping off of sediments that have been weathered and eroded.