Ap Retrieval Practice pt 2

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34 Terms

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Imperialism
A policy in which one country extends its authority by conquering other countries or establishing dominance over them.
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New Imperialism
The period during the 19th and early 20th centuries when colonial powers seized vast areas of Africa and Southeast Asia.
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Leopold II
The Belgian king who oversaw a brutal colonial empire in the Congo River valley from 1865 to 1909.
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Rubber
The plant sap that was exploited by companies licensed by King Leopold II in the Congo.
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Social Darwinism
The theory that argued those nations that were 'fittest' for survival were considered superior to others.
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Malaria
A disease carried by mosquitoes that posed a significant threat to Europeans in Africa.
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Quinine
The drug invented in 1829 that protected Europeans from malaria.
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Scramble
The urgent competition for African territory that began around 1880.
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Berlin Conference
The meeting held in 1884-1885 among European nations to regulate territorial claims in Africa.
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Boers
Dutch farmers in South Africa, also known as Afrikaners, who fought a war with the British.
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Cecil Rhodes
A British businessman and imperialist known for his ambition to connect 'Cairo to Cape Town'.
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Kipling
The famous English writer who authored the poem 'The White Man's Burden'.
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British Empire
By the early 20th century, the largest empire in world history, referred to as an empire on which 'the sun never sets'.
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Opium War
The conflict in 1839 between Britain and China that resulted in British trading privileges and the cession of Hong Kong.
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Boxer Rebellion
The anti-foreign uprising in China from 1899 to 1901, crushed by an eight-nation alliance.
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Jewel in the Crown
The term used to describe India as the most valuable of all Britain's colonies.
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Sepoy Mutiny
The revolt by Indian soldiers that led to Britain taking direct control of India.
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Russo-Japanese War
The imperial conflict fought between Russia and Japan over Korea, resulting in a decisive Japanese victory.
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Fashoda Crisis
The confrontation between Britain and France in Sudan in 1898 that was peacefully resolved.
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Moroccan Crisis
The challenge posed by Germans under Wilhelm II against French claims to a North African colony.
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Hobson and Lenin
Critics of imperialism who believed it benefited only the wealthy and diverted attention from domestic issues.
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Pan German League
A nationalist movement in Germany advocating imperialism as a tool for uniting social classes.
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Indian National Congress
A political party founded in 1885 to demand greater Indian participation in government.
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Meiji Restoration
The period in Japan when the Emperor Meiji was restored to power, initiating modernization.
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Zulu
The South African tribe led by Shaka Zulu, notable for uniting tribes through warfare.
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Realism
A 19th-century artistic movement focusing on depicting life as it is.
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Charles Dickens
English writer known for novels such as 'Oliver Twist' and 'A Christmas Carol', which criticized social injustice.
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Impressionism
An artistic movement focused on capturing a momentary feel, often painted outdoors and concerned with light.
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Claude Monet
A French painter who exemplified Impressionism; famous for the painting 'Impression, Sunrise'.
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Post Impressionism
A late 19th-century art style emphasizing color and form over light; more expressive than Impressionism.
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Vincent Van Gogh
A post-impressionist painter known for 'Starry Night' and bright colors.
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Paul Gauguin
A French post-impressionistic painter whose works show the influence of colonialism.
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Cubism
An art style portraying subjects as geometric forms, especially cubes.
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Picasso
A Spanish artist and founder of Cubism, known for works like 'Demoiselles D’Avignon'.