Ap Retrieval Practice pt 2

Imperialism

A policy in which one country extends its authority by conquering other countries or establishing dominance over them.

New Imperialism

The period during the 19th and early 20th centuries when colonial powers seized vast areas of Africa and Southeast Asia.

Leopold II

The Belgian king who oversaw a brutal colonial empire in the Congo River valley from 1865 to 1909.

Rubber

The plant sap that was exploited by companies licensed by King Leopold II in the Congo.

Social Darwinism

The theory that argued those nations that were 'fittest' for survival were considered superior to others.

Malaria

A disease carried by mosquitoes that posed a significant threat to Europeans in Africa.

Quinine

The drug invented in 1829 that protected Europeans from malaria.

Scramble

The urgent competition for African territory that began around 1880.

Berlin Conference

The meeting held in 1884-1885 among European nations to regulate territorial claims in Africa.

Boers

Dutch farmers in South Africa, also known as Afrikaners, who fought a war with the British.

Cecil Rhodes

A British businessman and imperialist known for his ambition to connect 'Cairo to Cape Town'.

Kipling

The famous English writer who authored the poem 'The White Man's Burden'.

British Empire

By the early 20th century, the largest empire in world history, referred to as an empire on which 'the sun never sets'.

Opium War

The conflict in 1839 between Britain and China that resulted in British trading privileges and the cession of Hong Kong.

Boxer Rebellion

The anti-foreign uprising in China from 1899 to 1901, crushed by an eight-nation alliance.

Jewel in the Crown

The term used to describe India as the most valuable of all Britain's colonies.

Sepoy Mutiny

The revolt by Indian soldiers that led to Britain taking direct control of India.

Russo-Japanese War

The imperial conflict fought between Russia and Japan over Korea, resulting in a decisive Japanese victory.

Fashoda Crisis

The confrontation between Britain and France in Sudan in 1898 that was peacefully resolved.

Moroccan Crisis

The challenge posed by Germans under Wilhelm II against French claims to a North African colony.

Hobson and Lenin

Critics of imperialism who believed it benefited only the wealthy and diverted attention from domestic issues.

Pan German League

A nationalist movement in Germany advocating imperialism as a tool for uniting social classes.

Indian National Congress

A political party founded in 1885 to demand greater Indian participation in government.

Meiji Restoration

The period in Japan when the Emperor Meiji was restored to power, initiating modernization.

Zulu

The South African tribe led by Shaka Zulu, notable for uniting tribes through warfare.

Realism

A 19th-century artistic movement focusing on depicting life as it is.

Charles Dickens

English writer known for novels such as 'Oliver Twist' and 'A Christmas Carol', which criticized social injustice.

Impressionism

An artistic movement focused on capturing a momentary feel, often painted outdoors and concerned with light.

Claude Monet

A French painter who exemplified Impressionism; famous for the painting 'Impression, Sunrise'.

Post Impressionism

A late 19th-century art style emphasizing color and form over light; more expressive than Impressionism.

Vincent Van Gogh

A post-impressionist painter known for 'Starry Night' and bright colors.

Paul Gauguin

A French post-impressionistic painter whose works show the influence of colonialism.

Cubism

An art style portraying subjects as geometric forms, especially cubes.

Picasso

A Spanish artist and founder of Cubism, known for works like 'Demoiselles D’Avignon'.