Ap Retrieval Practice pt 2

A policy in which one country seeks to extend its authority by conquering other countries or by establishing economic and political dominance over other countries: Imperialism

Industrialization stirred ambitions in many European nations. They wanted more resources to fuel their industrial production. They competed for new markets for their goods. Many nations looked to Africa and southeast Asia as a source of raw materials and as a market for industrial products. As a result, colonial powers seized vast areas of Africa and southeast Asia during the 19th and early 20th centuries. This was referred to as … New Imperialism 

This Belgian king (r. 1865-1909 CE) oversaw a brutal colonial empire in the Congo River valley: Leopold II

King Leopold II claimed that his primary motive in establishing the colony was to abolish the slave trade and promote Christianity. However, he licensed companies that brutally exploited Africans by forcing them to collect sap from __________ plants. At least 10 million Congolese died due to the abuses inflicted during Leopold's rule. Rubber 

This theory supported imperialism; it argued that those nations that were "fittest" for survival enjoyed wealth and success and were considered superior to others: Social Darwinism

Even with superior arms and steam engines to transport them, another factor might have kept Europeans confined to the African coasts. They were highly susceptible to __________, a disease carried by the dense swarms of mosquitoes in Africa's interior. Malaria 

Invented in 1829, this drug protected Europeans from becoming infected with malaria: Quinine 

The __________ for African territory had begun in earnest about 1880: Scramble 

This conference, held in 1884 & 1885, included 14 European nations and the United States and tried to regulate conditions under which territorial annexations in Africa could be made (no Africans were present):  Berlin

Also known as Afrikaners, the name of the Dutch farmers that initially settled in South Africa (but ultimately fled north during the "Great Trek" of the 1830 to escape the British). Fought a war with British to control South Africa. Boers 

This British businessman, imperialist, and supporter of Social Darwinism tried to connect "Cairo to Cape Town": Cecil Rhodes 

Famous English writer whose poem, the "White Man's Burden," encapsulated one of the primary motivations for the "New Imperialism": Kipling 

By the early 20th century, its empire was the largest in world history, an empire on whom "the sun never sets": British 

Aptly named struggle between the British and Chinese in 1839, after which the British won important trading privileges and were ceded the island of Hong Kong: Opium War 

Anti-foreign, anti-imperialist uprising that took place in China between 1899 and 1901, which was led by members of the "Society of Righteous and Harmonious Fists"; this movement was crushed by an eight-nation alliance among the "Western" powers: Boxer Rebellion 

The Industrial Revolution had turned Britain into the world's workshop, and India was a major supplier of raw materials for that workshop. Its 300 million people were also a large potential market for British made goods. It is not surprising, then, that the British considered India the brightest "_____ in the crown," the most valuable of all of Britain's colonies. Jewel 

Revolt by Indian soldiers in British Army that led to Britain making Indian a colony and taking control away from the British East India Company. Sepoy Mutiny 

Imperial war fought in 1904-1905 between the Russians and Japanese over control of Korea; led to an overwhelming Japanese victory, in which they virtually destroyed the Russian navy at the battle of Tsushima Strait: Russo Japanese War 

Confrontation between Great Britain and France in the Sudan in 1898 that was peacefully solved Fashoda Crisis 

Germans under Wilhelm II, challenged French claims to North African colony  Moroccan Crisis 

both criticized imperialism, felt it was caused by the needs of unregulated capitalism, argued that imperial possessions did not benefit the country as a whole, believed it diverted attention away from domestic reform. Particularly bad for working class.  Hobson and lenin 

in Germany; stressed strong German nationalism and advocated imperialism as a tool to overcome social divisions and unite all classes Pan German League 

A movement and political party founded in 1885 to demand greater Indian participation in government. Its membership was middle class, and its demands were modest until World War I. Led after 1920 by Mohandas K. Gandhi, appealing to the poor. Indian National Congress 

The restoration of the Emperor Meiji to power in Japan, and initiating a period of modernization by learning from the west. Meiji Restoration 

South African tribe led by Shaka Zulu that united tribes through warfare and then posed threat to Boers and British, one of few instances where non-Europeans able to defeat Europeans in battle Zulu 

A 19th century artistic movement in which writers and painters sought to show life as it is rather than life as it should be Realism

English writer whose novels depicted and criticized social injustice; Oliver Twist, A Christmas Carol Charles Dickens 

An artistic movement that sought to capture a momentary feel of the piece they were drawing; painted outside; fascinated with light Impressionism 

-a French painter who used a impressionism; Impression Sunrise is an example. Claude Monet 

A late nineteenth-century style that relies on use of color and spontaneous brushwork but that employs these elements as expressive devices. More interested in color and form than light.  Post Impressionism 

a postimpressionist painter who experimented with sharp lines and bright colors; Starry Night Vincent Van Gogh 

French Post-impressionistic painter; moved to Polynesian Islands. Showed influence of Imperialism on art. Paul Gaugin 1848-1903

A style of art in which the subject matter is portrayed by geometric forms, especially cubes Cubism 

a Spanish artist, founder of Cubism, which focused on geometric shapes and overlapping planes; Demoiselles D’Avignon, The Three Musicians Picasso