Imperialism - History

Why couldn’t Europeans reach the main area of Africa?

Why couldn’t Europeans reach the main area of Africa?

Challenging geography, African tribes resisted them, disease,

Steam boat

Made it easier to move around the rivers

Quinine

anti-malaria drug

Maxim Gun

Widely produced machine guns that got rid of the African tribes.

David Livingstone

Traveled to Africa as a missionary; called Africa his home once he stopped writing letters to England

Henry Stanley

Journalist who explored Africa in hopes to find what happened to David Livingstone

“Dr. Livingstone, I presume?”

First words that Henry Stanley told to David Livingstone

King Leopold II of Belium’s motives

find raw material in Africa, bring them back to Europe to manufacture

Rubber

Popular raw material from Africa that natives were forced to process.

Charles Darwin

came up with darwinism: natural selection; survival of the fittest in nature

Herbert Spencer

took darwin’s idea and applied it to humans: Social Darwinism

Social Darwinism

Nations have certain traits that make them more powerful in society. Other small nations have those traits to make themselves powerful. depended on competition.

Berlin conference

big meeting between 14 European countries about how to divide up Africa

How did these nations evenly split land?

Anyone that wanted land was to let someone know, then just take it.

What were 2 things that Europe liked about Africa

good raw materials and cash crops (mainly rubber)

Zulus

main dominant tribe in South Africa

Shaka

Leader of Zulus

Boers

netherlands farmers

Great Trek

Boers were taken off their land by the british force and into a northern location

Cecil Rhodes

Made a railroad from the cape of Africa to the north fpr transportation.

Which country wanted to take over East Africa?

Germany

Maji Tree

A tree that produced sesame oil

Why did the Maji-Maji rebellion’s start?

the abuse of the Germans + the taxing of sesame oil

Why did the leader from the Maji-Maji rebellion tell his soldiers to drink the potion?

The potion allows the person to be impervious and make the water turn into bullets

Who was trying to take over Ethiopia

Italians

The Adowa War

When the king of Africa, Menelik II, signed a treaty for permission to the Italians to conquer, he got mad because he didn’t understand what the treaty was saying and attacked.

The negatives of Imperialism in Africa

Lots of lives were taken, cultures were taken, resources were stolen, racism was widely spread, they made the borders not thinking of each tribe, diseases were spread(smallpox), unnecessary cash crops were being grown(less actual edible food were able to produce).

Positives if Imperialism in Africa

reduced local warfare(true, but not fair), europeans came in and built schools and hospitals(increased lifespan and literacy rates), economics expanded because of the materials from Africa, lots of railroads, dams, and telegraph lines.

Name of the Indian colonies

The jewel in the crown

Seopys

Indian soldiers that fight for Britain

Common raw material in India

Opium

Opium

from poppy flowers; used as pain relief; was traded to china for tea

Why did Sepoys rebel?

The rifle cartridges were surrounded by pork and beef fat in order to keep it water proof. Hindus and muslims disliked this because it goes against their religion.

Guangzhou

Main port for trading in China

WHat was china interested in trading?

Opium

Why was opium banned?

Them brits exploited and used it for some darn drugs

Opium war

Began because Queen Victoria did not agree to ban opium in England; fought mostly in water

Who won the opium war? Why?

British easily won because of their modern steamboats, compared to China’s wooden ones. They got Hong Kong

Taiping Rebellion

an attempt to make sure everyone was equal and get rid of poverty, not a long term success.

Self-Strengthening movement

In China, they didn’t rely on any other counties to improve itself

Sphere of Influence

when a foreign nation dominates trade and economic investment

Open Door Policy

anyone can trade in with china; the US came up with this idea because they wanted to trade there

What did the Open Door Policy do to China

freed them from colonization, but at the same time they weren’t free from foreign influence

Boxer Rebellion

People were angry about too much foreign influence and the empress Cixi😡, so they try fighting back

Which country did China attempt to “copy”

Japan

Matthew Perry

Commodore who sails to japan to let their leader that President Millard wanted to open trading ports there.

Mitsuhito

changed Japan by industrializing it after it was seen as an “non prideful” country

Sino-Japanese War

Japan vs. China; they fight to see who has more control/influence over Korea;

What plantation in Cuba was perfect to grow due to its climate?

Sugar Cane

Jose Marti

An immigrant from Cuba that went to NYC to spread the idea of independent Cuba

Who was William Randolph Hearst and

Joseph Pulitzer