HCT 6TH LE REVIEWER (pt.2)

cytology

branch of diagnostic medicine which deals with the study of individual cells and/or tissue fragments

autolysis

spontaneous disintegration of cells by autologous enzymes

barr body

sex hormones which are elongated, with a chromatin mass subadjacent or lies against the inner aspect of the nuclear membrane in cells of females

imprint or abraded cytology

also known as impression cytology

impression cytlogy

also known as imprint or abraded cytology

imprint or abraded cytology

study of cells directly taken from the surfaces of excised/ incised specimens by touching them with a clean glass slide

exfoliative cytology

EXFOLIATIVE/IMPRESSION/ASPIRATION CYTOLOGY: sputum

exfoliative cytology

EXFOLIATIVE/IMPRESSION/ASPIRATION CYTOLOGY: urine

exfoliative cytology

EXFOLIATIVE/IMPRESSION/ASPIRATION CYTOLOGY: pleural fluid

exfoliative cytology

EXFOLIATIVE/IMPRESSION/ASPIRATION CYTOLOGY: gastric juice

exfoliative cytology

EXFOLIATIVE/IMPRESSION/ASPIRATION CYTOLOGY: CSF

exfoliative cytology

EXFOLIATIVE/IMPRESSION/ASPIRATION CYTOLOGY: peritoneal fluid

exfoliative cytology

EXFOLIATIVE/IMPRESSION/ASPIRATION CYTOLOGY: vaginal discharge

exfoliative cytology

EXFOLIATIVE/IMPRESSION/ASPIRATION CYTOLOGY: cervical discharge

exfoliative cytology

EXFOLIATIVE/IMPRESSION/ASPIRATION CYTOLOGY: uterine discharge

exfoliative cytology

EXFOLIATIVE/IMPRESSION/ASPIRATION CYTOLOGY: nipple discharge

exfoliative cytology

EXFOLIATIVE/IMPRESSION/ASPIRATION CYTOLOGY: sinus discharge

exfoliative cytology

EXFOLIATIVE/IMPRESSION/ASPIRATION CYTOLOGY: prostatic discharge

exfoliative cytology

EXFOLIATIVE/IMPRESSION/ASPIRATION CYTOLOGY: buccal scrapings

impression

EXFOLIATIVE/IMPRESSION/ASPIRATION CYTOLOGY: sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB)

aspiration

EXFOLIATIVE/IMPRESSION/ASPIRATION CYTOLOGY: palpable lesions

aspiration

EXFOLIATIVE/IMPRESSION/ASPIRATION CYTOLOGY: non-palpable lesions

frozen section

this is combined with impression cytology to increase accuracy

impression

EXFOLIATIVE/IMPRESSION/ASPIRATION CYTOLOGY: hematolymphoid malignancy

sentinel lymph node

the first lymph node from which cancer cells are most likely to spread from

palpable lesions

fine needle aspiration biopsy is used for what type of lesions

non-palpable lesions

image guided biopsy is used for what type of lesions

cell block

used for body cavity effusions

heparin

preservative that does not interfere with cytologic preparation/evaluation

rotation technique

technique used when collecting specimen for fine needle aspiration biopsy

30-50ml

volume of specimen recquired for bronchial washing

saliva

specimen obtained from bronchial washing

fiberoptic bronchoscope

instrument used to obtain specimen from bronchial washing

protected catheter bronchial brush

instrument used to collect specimen for bronchial brushing

before ingesting anything, but after a bout of coughing and swallowing

when should specimens for gastic lavage be collected

ryle's tube

container used for gastric lavage specimens

24 hours at room temperature

specimens for gastric lavage should be transported within (and at what temperature)

specimen origin

quantity

specific gravity

odor

appearance

macroscopic examination of body fluids is composed of

lytic agent (ie. cytolyt)

pretreatment for bloody samples

mucolytic agent (ie. mucolexx)

pretreatment for mucoid specimens

pH

CHON

enzymes

bacteria

factors affecting time before cellular damage occurs

unfixed/fresh specimen

type of specimen preferable for cytological exam

95% ethanol and refrigerate

refrigerate for 24-48 hours

fix with ethanol (2:1)

fixation done when specimens are not fixed immediately after preparation in order to preserve specimen for 7 days or more

50% alcohol

fixative for pleural fluid

50% alcohol

fixative for peritoneal fluid

95% ethanol

fixative for urine

95% ethanol

fixative for bronchial aspirates

50-95% ethanol

preservative for specimens that require centrifugation

2000 RPM for 30 minutes

centrifugation settings for specimen that require centrifugation

centrifuge for 5 minutes

centrifugation for body fluids if too much is obtained

do not centrifuge

centrifugation for body fluids when little amount is collected

cytocentrifuge

centrifugation for hypocellular body fluids

cytocentrifuge

centrifugation for urine

20-30 ml

amount of specimen required for serous fluids

5-10 ml

amount of specimen required for gastric washing

50-100 ml

amount of specimen required for urine

wet ice

10% formalin

preservation for serous fluids

ice packs

preservation for gastric washing

refrigeration

preservation for urine

95% ethanol

10% formalin

saccamano

preservation for sputum specimens

95% ethanol

preservation for prostatic or gynecologic material

within 1 hour

sputum samples should be delivered within

12-24 hours

specimen with high mucus content should be refrigerated for

24-48 hours

specimen with high CHON content should be refrigerated for

12-24 hours

should be refrigerated for _____________ hours: sputum

12-24 hours

should be refrigerated for _____________ hours: bronchial aspirates

12-24 hours

should be refrigerated for _____________ hours: mucocele fluid

12-24 hours

should be refrigerated for _____________ hours: mucocele fluid

24-48 hours

should be refrigerated for _____________ hours: pleural fluid

24-48 hours

should be refrigerated for _____________ hours: peritoneal fluid

24-48 hours

should be refrigerated for _____________ hours: pericardial fluid

1-2 hours

should be refrigerated for _____________ hours: urine

1-2 hours

should be refrigerated for _____________ hours: CSF

1-2 hours

should be refrigerated for _____________ hours: low mucus/CHON

crush technique

technique used for preparing smears for mucoid samples

crush technique

technique used for preparing smears for viscous fluids

pull-push technique

also known as spread technique

spread technique

also known as pull-push technique

15 minutes

minimum fixation time

none

consequences of prolonged fixation

air drying

alcohol fixation

two methods of fixation

95% alcohol 15 minutes > PAP stain

how is alcohol fixation performed

PAP stain

produces crisp nuclear detail and cytoplasmic transparency

TRUE

TRUE/FALSE: a good cytology fixative should be able to replace cell water

95% ethanol-ether

best fixative

95% ethanol

universal fixative

carnoy's fluid

fixative for blood specimen

absolute alcohol

chloroform

glacial acetic acid

composition of carnoy's fluid

50% ethanol

2% carbowax

saccomanno fixative composition

immersion

IMMERSION/SPRAY FIXATIVES: 95% ethyl alcohol and ether

immersion

IMMERSION/SPRAY FIXATIVES: 95% ethyl alcohol

immersion

IMMERSION/SPRAY FIXATIVES: carnoy's fluid

immersion

IMMERSION/SPRAY FIXATIVES: saccomanno's fixative

spray

IMMERSION/SPRAY FIXATIVES: carbowax

spray

IMMERSION/SPRAY FIXATIVES: merckfix

spray

IMMERSION/SPRAY FIXATIVES: glycerin

spray

IMMERSION/SPRAY FIXATIVES: provides protection by coating slides with translucent film

spray

IMMERSION/SPRAY FIXATIVES: diaphane solution

fresh

direct smears should be prepared from (preserved/fresh/frozen) material

cell block preparation/technique

process whereby cell button or dot of fluids are processed and sectioned on a rotary microtome using the paraffin embedding technique