Kirk 1996, Demographic Transition Theory

Demographic transition model

Classification of populations differentiated by different combinations of fertility and mortality.

Transition

______ is not a necessary pre-condition for development.

Group A

Falling rates of increase + potential population decline.

Fertility decline

____ ___= based on rational choices.

Group B

Both birth and death had fallen, but death rates had declined earlier and more rapidly than death rates.

Group C

Neither birth/death rates were under control

3

Thompson claimed there were ___ groups

3

Landry claimed there were ___ stages of population development: primitive, intermediate, contemporary

Family

Carr-Saunders examined small ____ system and its causes

1950

Notestein thought that Western + Central European populations would peak in _____ and decline after

Factors

Notestein' critique is that he paid too much attention to socio-economic _____

Fertility

Large differences in pre-modern _____ were not taken into account in the transition theory

Modernization

The actual decline in European regions was not tied closely to socio-economic _____

Decline

Cultural setting influenced the onset and spread of fertility _____

Forecasts, standard

Transition theory has influenced how the United Nations and the World Bank have based their population ____ on the assumption of ______ transition

Mortality

Rising incomes + development of the modern state caused reductions in ______

Child

Revolution in medicine reduced _____ mortality

Diseases

Increase in the use of antibiotics caused a reduction in epidemic and contagious ______

Fertility

A mortality decline causes ______ declines because it promotes economic productivity

Economic theory

States that pre-modern high fertility is rational behavior and fertility decline is based on rational choices

Population aging

Will lead to pronatalist measures by governments

Raising

Much more attention will have to be given to ____ fertility levels