Paper 1 Master Review Sheet (Chapter 1 - Socialization)

Culture

The way of life of a particular group, defined by material culture (objects produced) and non-material culture (ideas and beliefs).

Roles

Expected patterns of behavior associated with each status held, changing based on the role played in society.

Norms

Specific rules dictating behavior in certain situations, expected based on the role in society.

Values

Beliefs or ideas important to individuals, expressing beliefs about how things should be.

Beliefs

Accepted ideas as true, shaping values and influencing behavior.

Customs

Established cultural practices and behaviors accepted by society.

Ideology

System of beliefs and values constructed around fundamental beliefs to explain something.

Power

Ability to control others, with different types like coercive and consensual power.

Status

Individual ranking based on power held in society or characteristics possessed.

Social Construction of Reality

Perception of reality created through historical and cultural processes, not fixed.

Socialization

Process of learning behavioral rules to become a competent social actor in society.

Nature vs

Debate on the influence of genetic makeup (nature) and socialization (nurture) on behavior.

Primary Agencies of Socialization

Family and peers shaping basic opinions, values, and norms.

Secondary Agencies of Socialization

Education, media, and religion influencing social values and norms.

Structuralist

Analyzes society based on institutional relationships and their impact on individual behaviors.

Interactionist

Focuses on individual behavior and meanings assigned to interactions to understand the world.

Sanctions

Rewards or punishments to enforce conformity to roles, norms, and values in society.

Deviance

Actions or behaviors outside social expectations, leading to labeling individuals as deviants.

Social Identity

Built on social class, gender, ethnicity, and age, impacting experiences in society.

Hybridization

Mixing of ethnic styles leading to new identities, impacting social identity construction.