APush Exam Review Periods 1-5 and 8

Native American Societies BEFORE 1492

Diverse cultures including fishing, hunter-gatherers, cities, and cultivation of maize.

European Exploration in the AMERICAS

Motivations included population increase, political unification, and new economic opportunities.

The COLUMBIAN EXCHANGE

Transfer of food, animals, minerals, people, and diseases between Africa, Europe, and the Americas.

Labor, Slavery, and Caste in Spanish America

African Slave Trade, Encomienda System, and Casta System in Spanish colonies.

Cultural Interactions Between Europeans, Native Americans, and Africans

Hegemony, Mission System, and cultural exchanges between different groups.

European Colonization in the Americas (1607 - 1754)

Encomienda system, French settlements in Quebec, and Dutch trading hub in New Amsterdam.

The Regions of the BRITISH COLONIES (1607 - 1754)

Jamestown, New England Colonies, British West Indies/Southern Atlantic Coast, and Pennsylvania.

Trans-Atlantic Trade (1607 - 1754)

Triangular Trade, Middle Passage, and Mercantilism influencing trade policies.

Interactions Between AMERICAN INDIANS and EUROPEANS (1607 - 1754)

Spanish, British, and French interactions with Native Americans.

Slavery in the BRITISH COLONIES (1607 - 1754)

Atlantic Slave Trade, Slave Codes, and resistance among enslaved individuals.

Colonial SOCIETY and CULTURE (1607 - 1754)

The Enlightenment, The Great Awakening, and changes in colonial attitudes and governance.

The FRENCH AND INDIAN War (The Seven Years' War) — (1754-1800)

Causes, Albany Congress, and outcomes like the Proclamation Line of 1763.

Taxation WITHOUT Representation (1754-1800)

Navigation Acts, Salutary Neglect, new taxes, and colonial resistance like the Boston Tea Party.

PHILOSOPHICAL Foundations of the American Revolution (1754-1800)

Influence of Enlightenment thinkers like John Locke, Russo, Montesquieu, and Thomas Paine's "Common Sense."

The AMERICAN REVOLUTION (1754-1800)

Patriots, Loyalists, George Washington, and the Declaration of Independence.

Continental Army

A group of regional fighters during the Revolutionary War, trained with limited resources like YouTube tutorials.

Emancipation for Fighting Slaves

Offering freedom to slaves who fought in the war, following the British example to encourage black men to join the cause.

Ben Franklin's Negotiations

Franklin's efforts in negotiating with the French for support during the Revolutionary War.

Battle of Saratoga

A crucial battle that turned the tide of the war, leading to French support against the British.

Paris Peace Treaty (1783)

Treaty marking the independence of the U.S. with the western boundary set at the Mississippi River.

Revolutionary Ideals' Influence

Impact on society with the notion of equality, involvement of women like the Ladies Association of America, and the concept of Republican Motherhood.

French Revolution

Global impact of the revolution inspired by revolutionary ideals, similar to the American Revolution.

Articles of Confederation

The first U.S. Constitution that granted significant power to states, leading to issues like the Northwest Ordinance and Shays' Rebellion.

Constitutional Convention

Meeting to address the shortcomings of the Articles of Confederation, resulting in the creation of the U.S. Constitution and the establishment of the three branches of government.

Federalists vs

The debate over the ratification of the Constitution, with Hamilton advocating for it and Anti-Federalists concerned about states' rights.

Democratic and Individualistic Beliefs

Aim to enhance participation in democratic processes

Romanticism

Prioritizes emotional over rational thinking

Charles Grandison Finney

Known for his non-philosophical, moral approach, converses in a relatable manner

Mormons

Founded by Joseph Smith, migrated to Utah to escape persecution, believed in polygamy

Temperance Movement

Led by the American Temperance Society, focused on aiding working-class alcoholic men

Abolitionism

Spearheaded by William Lloyd Garrison through "The Liberator" newspaper and the American Anti-Slavery Society

Yeoman Farmers

Majority of white farmers in the South who were not slaveholders

Manifest Destiny

Coined by John O. Sullivan, advocated for westward expansion across the continent

Wilmot Proviso

Proposed to prohibit slavery in new territories, sparking concerns about the spread of slavery

Popular Sovereignty

Advocated for allowing residents to determine the slavery status of their territories

Emancipation Proclamation

Issued by Lincoln, freed enslaved individuals in the Confederacy, shifting the focus of the Civil War

Reconstruction

Post-Civil War period focusing on the treatment of Confederates and the rights of freedmen

Ku Klux Klan

Infamous white supremacist group targeting black individuals during Reconstruction

Truman Doctrine

Policy to support nations threatened by communism, part of the containment strategy

Marshall Plan

Aid program to help European countries recover post-World War II

NATO

Military alliance formed by Western nations against the Soviet Union

GI Bill

Provided benefits to World War II veterans, including education and housing assistance

Baby Boom

Post-World War II period marked by a significant increase in birth rates

McCarthyism

Anti-communist witch hunt led by Senator McCarthy in the United States

Mass Culture

Emerged post-1945, influenced by television, advertising, and the rise of credit cards.

Rock N Roll

Associated with EST Gee and Nardo Wick, symbolizing rebellion and truthfulness in lifestyle.

Beatniks

Rebels and poets advocating for truthful living, linked with the rock and roll culture.

Civil Rights Movement

Focused on desegregation, ending poll tax, school integration, and Little Rock Nine.

Decolonization

Process of granting self-governance to colonies.

Cuban Missile Crisis

Confrontation between the U.S., Cuba, and the Soviet Union over missile deployment.

Domino Theory

Belief that if one country falls to communism, others will follow.

Vietnam War

Involvement of the U.S. in Vietnam due to the Domino Theory and escalation under different presidents.

Great Society

Johnson's initiative to combat poverty and introduce programs like Medicare and Medicaid.

Civil Rights Movement (1960s)

Includes Montgomery Bus Boycott, MLK, Civil Disobedience, and the Sit-In Movement.

Women's Rights Movement

Focused on achieving equal opportunities and pay, highlighted by The Feminine Mystique and NOW.