HIST 105 Exam 4 Study Guide - Texas A&M University - Instructor McGlone

Who caused the Mexican revolution?

Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla

What year did Mexico win its independence?

1821

What granted Mexico independence from Spain?

Treaty of Cordova

How many rebellions were there between 1821 and 1841 over Mexico taking over California?

10

What were rancheros?

Trusted people that were given a lot of land

In 1830, what was the Anglo population?

20k

In 1830, what was the Mexican population?

3k

How many times did the US try to buy Texas from Mexico?

Twice

By 1836, how many settlers were living in Texas?

38k

By 1836, how many acres were settlers in Texas given?

4k

What coutry did the Mexican Law of 1830 outlaw immigration from?

US

What did the Mexican Law of 1830 ban?

Slave imports

What did the Mexican Law of 1830 offer?

Free transportation for Mexican settlers

In 1835, how much did Americans and slaves outnumber Mexicans?

10 to 1

How many Texans and volunteers participated in the Fall of 1835 Uprising?

30k

What was the population of the Mexican nation during the Fall of 1835 Uprising?

7m

What was the Fall of 1835 Uprising?

Battle between Texans and volunteers vs. the Mexican nation

Who was the dictator of Mexico in 1832 and during the Fall of 1835 Uprising?

General Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna

Who encouraged the Texas Revolution/Fall of 1835 Uprising/Battle of the Alamo?

Stephen F. Austin

Why did Stephen F. Austin encourage the revolution?

He was imprisoned and then released by Santa Anna

How long did the Battle of the Alamo last?

12 days

Where did the Battle of the Alamo occur?

San Antonio

When was the Republic of Texas declared?

March 2nd

Where was the Republic of Texas declared?

Washington on the Brazos

Who led the Texian army in the Revolution?

Sam Houston

How many Mexicans were killed in the Battle of San Jacinto?

630

How many Texians were killed in the Battle of San Jacinto?

9

How many Mexicans surrendered in the Battle of San Jacinto?

700

How long did the Texas Revolution last?

7 months

What treaty made the Republic of Texas?

Treaty of Velasco

Who was the president in 1841?

William Henry Harrison

What political party did William Henry Harrison belong to?

The Whigs

What happened during Harrison's presidency?

Harrison died

Who took over for Harrison?

John Tyler

How long did Harrison hold office?

1 month

Was John Tyler a Whig?

No, he opposed the Whig system

What was John Tyler's nickname?

His Accidency

Who were the candidates in the election of 1844?

Henry Clay and James Polk

What party did Henry Clay belong to?

The Whigs

What party did James Polk belong to?

The Democrats

Who won the election of 1844?

James Polk

How many terms did James Polk serve?

1

Why did James Polk only serve one term?

He believed he did all he could

What were Polk's goals in presidency?

- Cut tariffs

- Acquire an independent treasury (no national bank)

- Secure Oregon Territory

- Acquire California from Mexico

What treaty did Polk sign?

Buchanan-Pakenham Treaty

When did Polk sign the Buchanan-Pakenham Treaty?

June 12th, 1846

Who was the Buchanan-Pakenham Treaty with?

Great Britain

What did the Buchanan-Pakenham Treaty do?

Secured US claim to Pacific NW south of 49th parallel

What was Polk the embodiment of?

Manifest Destiny

Why did Mexico cut ties with the US?

Because Mexico thought they still owned Texas

When did Mexico cut ties with the US?

1845

What did Polk do to start the US Mexico War?

He provoked Mexico so that he wouldn't have to fire the first shot

Who did Polk send to Mexico?

John Slidell

What was John Slidell sent to offer Mexico?

Cancellation of debt from the Mexican Revolution

What was John Slidell sent to buy from Mexico?

$30m for California and New Mexico

What did Polk want when he sent John Slidell to Mexico?

Mexico to recognize the new border

Who refused to meet with John Slidell?

President Jose Herrera and General Mariano Paredes

When did Polk send troops to the Texas frontier?

January 13th, 1846

Who was the general Polk sent to the Texas frontier?

General Zachary Taylor

How many troops did Polk send to the Texas frontier?

3500

Where was the Texas frontier?

Between Nueces and the Rio Grande

Who killed and captured US soldiers on April 25th, 1846?

The Mexican cavalry

How many soldiers were killed on April 25th, 1846?

11

How many soldiers were captured on April 25th, 1846?

47

When did Congress declare the Mexican-American War?

May 13th, 1846

Did many Whigs oppose Polk's actions?

Yes

How many Whigs signed an amendment of opposition to the Mexican-American War?

67

Was the amendment of opposition to the Mexican-American War passed?

No

Who introduced "spot resolutions"?

Abraham Lincoln

What role did Abraham Lincoln hold when he introduced "spot resolutions"?

Whig congressman

What did "spot resolutions" do?

- Stressed uncertainty that blood was shed on US soil

- Way to show Polk was the instigator in the war

What did Mexico give up in the Treaty of Gaudelupe Hidalgo?

All claims to Texas north of the Rio Grande

When was the Treaty of Gaudelupe Hidalgo?

1848

What did the US acquire as a result of the Treaty of Gaudelupe Hidalgo and for how much?

California, New Mexico, parts of Arizona, Colorado, Nevada, Utah, and Wyoming; $15m

How many square miles of land did the Treaty of Gaudelupe Hidalgo add?

525k

What was the casualty rate of the Mexican-American War?

110 of every 1,000 died, mostly to disease

What American war had the highest casualty rate?

The Mexican-American War

How many American were there in California in 1854?

300k

What did Taylor want in the Compromise of 1850?

California and New Mexico to be admitted as free states

What did Taylor believe in the Compromise of 1850?

The issue of slavery should be left to the courts

Why was the Compromise of 1850 needed?

Southerners threatened secession

How many resolutions did Henry Clay propose in the Compromise of 1850?

8

How long did the Compromise of 1850 debate last?

7 months

Who was president in 1850?

Zachary Taylor

When did Zachary Taylor die?

July 9, 1850

Who took over for Zachary Taylor?

Millard Fillmore

Who was Zacharly Taylor?

- Whig

- Slave owner

- War hero

- Didn't want divided country

What was California admitted as a result of the Compromise of 1850?

A free state

What did the Texas-New Mexico act do?

Fixed the New Mexico territory and Texas boundary

What was the Utah Act?

Utah was established as a state

Were Utah and New Mexico free or slave states?

Popular sovereignty would determine

What was the Fugitive Slave Act?

Law that required all citizens to return runaway slaves

Where was the sale of slaves abolished due to the Compromise of 1850?

The District of Columbia (DC)

When was the final solution of the Compromise of 1850 agreed upon?

September 20th, 1850

In the Compromise of 1850, who suggested voting on each resolution separately?

Senator Stephen Douglas (D) of Illinois

What caused the end of the Whig party?

Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854

Who agreed with the Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854?

Most Whigs in the South

Who disagreed with the Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854?

All Whigs in the North

What party did the northern Whigs join?

Republicans

What party did the southern Whigs join?

Democrats