Ch.3 careers in Health care

What % of the American workforce are in Health care?

13% of workforce

Why is driving growth of health care industry?

Advancement in medicine and care

Where are most health care jobs located?

In Hospitals

Define demographic

Statistical study of population

What is the Affordable Care Act (ACA)?

2010, aimed to provide health coverage to all Americans and to prevent health care cost

What does the ACA emphasize?

prevention and primary care

What are examples of Chronic diseases?

Heart disease, lung disease, lung cancer, diabetes

What are examples of acute diseases ?

pneumonia, diarrhea, tuberculosis, HIV

What is the role of Physicians? 

evaluate, diagnose , treat 

How are Physicians licensed?

MD (allopathic) DO (osteopathic), National board of medical examiner exam

What is Allopathic medicine?

a system is medical practice that emphasize diagnosing and treating via conventional methods [drug or surgery]

What is osteopathic medicine?

Holistic and comprehensive approach and utilized musculoskeletal manipulation

What does NBME stand for?

national board of medical examiner

what does NBOME stand for?

osteopathic

How are internships & residencies ?

2-6 years

what do MDS focus on ?

allopathic, disease-focused, counteractive treatment

What do DOS focus on ?

musculoskeletal focus, holistic, prevention, diet/environment

What are most likely to be generalist ?

DOs more likely than MDs

what are examples of Generalist? 

family medicine, internal medicine, pediatrist 

How do referrals work?

PCP=Primary care provider gives them to people you need to see

What does PCP mean?

Primary care provider

What do hospitalists focus on? 

inpatient medicine, hospital based care

What are roles of hospitalists? 

manage care during hospitalization 

How are hospitalist trained?

Oftent from internal medicine, family practice and pediatrics

What is gatekeeping?

Primary care controls access to specialty care

What does longitudinal mean?

Involving the repeated observation overtime

What does episodic mean? 

Occur at irregular intervals 

What do Primary doctors focus on?

Whole patient, comorbidities ( Exist simultaneously with another condition)

What do specialists focus on?

Disease or organ system (cardiologist, neurologist)

What does comorbidity mean?

Exists simultaneously with another condition

What are different work settings for physicians?

Hospitals,Public sector,Majority,Ambulatory visits

What does public sector mean?

Government agencies, public health clinics , schools, prisons

What are Ambulatory visits? 

Family practice (21.1%) Internal medicine (13.9%) Pediatrics (12.4%)

What are Physicians maldistributed?

Workforce, state variation, projected shortage

What does maldistribution mean?

Amount+shortage of staff 

Where do most doctors cluster?

Metro/suburban areas

Why does the U.S have more specialists than primary care providers?

tech advances,higher reimbursement, prestige & work-life balance

What does reimbursement mean? 

Ability for someone to pay you back

What are undeserved populations

Groups of people that lack resources and essential things that would be normal for them to have

What are orthodontics?

they deal with braces type stuff

What is periodontics?

Doctor for diseases in the gum and teeth 

What are prosthodontics?

Replace missing or chipped teeth

What does pathology mean?

focuses on analyzing and diagnosing

What is the role of a pharmacist? 

Dispense medication

What type of education do pharmacists need?

pharmD (6 years) + licensure exam

What are nuclear pharmacists?

Specialized pharmacists that make radioactive drugs used in diagnostic imaging for cancers, thyroid diseases

Where do pharmacists work?

Retail,hospitals

How is the traditional role of pharmacists expanding?

Drug education,drug interactions,prescribing authority

What are optometrists? 

Vision exams

What are psychologists?

Mental health

What are podiatrists?

Foot conditions

What are Chiropractors?

Manual manipulation

What is the largest group of health care workers? 

Registered nurse 

What is the role of nurses?

physical, emotional, mental patient care

What are two types of nurses?

CNs, CRNAs

What is a physician assistant? 

supervised by MD/DO, perform exams, treat, and prescribe

What is a nurse practitioner?

Expanded RN role, focus on education & prevention

What is a certified house midwife?