Intermolecular Forces of Attraction and Kinetic Molecular Theory

Flashcards covering essential vocabulary related to intermolecular forces, Kinetic Molecular Theory, and properties of liquids.

Kinetic Molecular Theory

A theory that explains the behavior of gases in terms of particles in constant random motion, with negligible attraction and average kinetic energy proportional to temperature.

Intermolecular Forces

Forces of attraction between neighboring molecules, differing in strength across various states of matter.

London Dispersion Forces

Weak intermolecular forces caused by instantaneous dipole moments that occur in nonpolar molecules.

Dipole-Dipole Forces

Attractive forces between polar molecules due to the alignment of positive and negative charges.

Ion-Dipole Forces

Forces that occur between ions and polar molecules, affecting solution dynamics.

Hydrogen Bonding

A strong type of dipole-dipole interaction occurring when hydrogen is bonded to a highly electronegative atom, such as N, O, or F.

Capillary Action

The ability of a liquid to flow in narrow spaces without external forces, often influenced by surface tension.

Viscosity

A measure of a liquid's resistance to flow, affected by intermolecular forces and temperature.

Vapor Pressure

The pressure exerted by vapor molecules above a liquid at equilibrium, influenced by temperature and intermolecular forces.

Boiling Point

The temperature at which a liquid's vapor pressure equals the surrounding atmospheric pressure.