Further anatomy - Kai flashcards

Epidermis

Outermost layer of the skin consisting of keratinocytes producing proteins for strength and protection.

Dermis

Inner layer connecting the epidermis to the body, with a thin upper layer and a thick lower layer.

Hypodermis (fat)

Stores energy, insulates the body, and connects skin to muscles and bones.

Sebaceous gland

Produces sebum/oil for skin.

Sweat gland

Produces sweat for temperature regulation.

Hair follicles

Grow hair, aid in skin repair, and form blood vessels.

Blood vessels

Transport nutrients through skin layers, with capillaries reaching into the dermis for nourishment.

Regulation of body temperature

Skin helps regulate body temperature by dilating vessels in heat and constricting them in cold.

Protection and immunity

Skin acts as a physical barrier and houses immune cells like Langerhans and keratinocytes.

Sensation

Skin's dermis contains nerve endings for touch and pain avoidance.

Excretion

Sweat helps regulate skin temperature and body pH.

Synthesis of vitamin D

Skin synthesizes vitamin D from cholesterol, crucial for vitamin A synthesis.

Brain stem

Controls respiratory and cardiovascular functions.

Diencephalon

Coordinates hormone release, relays signals, and regulates sleep cycles.

Cerebrum

Coordinates movement.

Frontal lobe

Responsible for high-level thinking, reasoning, and emotions.

Parietal lobe

Manages touch, movement senses, and body awareness.

Occipital lobe

Processes visual sensory information.

Temporal lobe

Handles auditory senses and memory.

Limbic lobe

Manages emotions, behavior, and motivation.

Cerebellum

Controls motor functions and balance coordination.

Blood Brain Barrier (BBB)

Protects the brain from fluctuations in plasma composition and circulating agents.

Aerobic respiration

Process in the brain using glucose and oxygen to produce ATP for energy.