Week 9 Quiz

Which urinary finding is most suggstive of glomerular disease?

Bacteriuria

Hematuria

Increased urine protein:creatinine (UPC) ratio

Proteinuria on dipstick only

not proteinuria

The 2 main renal enumes are

BUN and CRE

SDMA and CRE

BUN and USG

BUN AND SDMA

BUN and CRE

Whhich diagnostic test is the earliest indicator of decreased glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in dogs and cats?

Blood Urea nitrogen (BUN)

symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA)

Urine specific gravity (USG)

creatinine

Symmetric dimethylarginine SDMA

Birds with renal disease will have increased

uric acid

SDMA

USG

BUN

uric acid

Which renal disease is associated with FeLV/FIV infection?

renal carcinoma

renal lymphoma

glomerulonephritis

renal hematoma

Renal lymphoma

What is the main risk of performing a renal fine needle aspirate (FNA) or biopsy?

Peritonitis

renal hemorrhage

ureteral obstruction

ureteral trauma

renal hemorrhage

What is the gold standard diagnostic test for confirming a urinary tract infection?

urine sediment

disptick test

urine culture and MIC

radiographs

urine culture and MIC

What types of crystals are commonly associated with ethylene glycol toxicity?

struvite

calcium carbonate

ammonium urate

calcium oxalate monohydrate

calcium oxalate monohydrate

which hormone regulates sodium retention and potassium excretion in the kidneys?

calcitonin

insulin

aldosterone

ADH

Aldosterone

What lab error results in an overall reduction of the amount of serum plasma by displacing it with triglycerides?

Lipemia

hemolysis

icterus

bacterial contamination

lipemai

Which of the following is a common cause of metabolic alkalosis?

ketoacidosis

vomiting stomach acid

uremia

diarrhea

vomiting stomach acid

which sample type is preferred for measuring blood gases and acid-base status?

serum

arterial blood

plasma

venous blood

arterial blood

which of the following electrolyte imbalances is associated with milk fever in dairy cows?

hypermagnesemia

hypocalcemia

hypomagnesemia

hypercalcemia

Hypocalcemia

What is the primary cause of respiratory acidosis?

hypervetilation

real disease

hypoventilation

excessive vomiting

hyperventialtion

In a patient with Addison’s disease, which electrolyte abnormalities are commonly seen?

Hypernatremia and hypokalemia

hypercalcemia and hyperchloremia

hypocalcemia andhypophosphatemia

hyponatremia and hyperkalemia

hyponatremia and hyperkalemia

Which of the following findings is most consistent with acute kidney injury AKI rather than CKD?

Hypokalemai and small, irregular kidneys

sudden azotemia with painful, enlarged kidneys

normokalemai and anemia

history of weight loss and poor coat

sudden azotemia with painful, enlarged kidneys

what is the primary cause of elevated BUN in a dehydrated animal with normal kidney function?

high carb diet

hepatic failure

muscle wasting

decreased renal perfusion

high carb diet

A male cat presents with stranguria, hematuria, and hyperkalemia. What is the most likely diagnosis?

FLUTD with urethral obstruction

transitional cell carcinoma

CKD

acute pyelonephritis

FLUTD with urethral obstruction

Which of the following conditions is associated with high anion gap?

hyperchloremia

respiratory alkalosis

metabolic acidosis

hypoalbuminemia

metabolic acidosis

what is the major intracellular cation?

sodium

calcium

magnesium

potassium

not Mg

What electrolyte has an inverse relationship with calcium?

cloride

Mg

sodium

phosphorus

phosphorusWhat

What is a common cause of hypokalemia in veterinary patients?

addison’s disease

hyperthyroidism

urinary obsturction

vomiting

vomiting

which electrolyte imbalance can cause tetany and muscle tremors in cattle?

hyperkalemia

hypernatremia

hypohloremia

hypomagensemia

hypomagnesemia

If a patient has 2+ on dipstick, the test to confirm preotenuria is called

BUN creatinine ratio

urine sediment

urine culture

urine protein creatinine ratio

urine protein creatinine ratio

which urinary stone tpe is comonly associated with dalmatians and animals with potosystemic shunts?

calcium oxalate

cystine

struvite

urate

urate

What conditions is characterized by fluid filled kidney cysts and is most common in persian cats?

renal lymphoma

glomerulonephritis

chronic kidney disease

polycycstic kidney disease

polycycistic kidney disease

In order to determine if azotemia is pre renal, renal, or post renal, we need to test

urine specific gravity

urine culture

urine sediment

urine pH

urine specific gravity

A ateitn with pre renal azomtemia is likely to have what finding?

Low USG and high CRE

isosthenuria

high usg and elevated BUN and CRE

low USG and low BUN/CRE

high USG and elevated BUN and CRE

What is the intracellular cation?

sodium NA

calcium CA

potassium K

magnesium Mg

potassium K

Which anion plays a crucial role in acid base balance by acting as a buffer?

magnesium

bicarbonate

sodium

chloride

bicarbonate

What organ is responsible for excreting bicarbonate to help regulate acid base balance?

kidney

which of the following is the major cation in extracellular fluid EFC

sodium