microorganisms in relation to human health: chapter 3

Binary fission

Binary fission

duplicating the genetic substance and then splitting to make two daughter cells that are identical to that of the parent.

Antiviral medication

________ can inhibit or stop the virus from multiplying.

Antibiotics

________ → disturb the metabolism by for example preventing the protein production of the bacteria.

Vaccines

________ can prevent an infection.

New viruses

________ are created after combining viral genetic material and coat proteins.

heterotrophs →

Fungi= ________ will use parts of the human body as food.

Toxins

________ can disrupt the hosts metabolism.

aerobic organisms

Fungi= wire- shaped + eukaryote (linear DNA) + ________.

fungus

The ________ absorbs the released nutrients.

protein coat

They bind to the ________ of the host cell.

Bacterial degradation enzymes

________ can affect the hosts tissue.

healthThe Fungal Infection

Yoghurt= fermented food → helps improve gut ________.

How to combat a bacterial infection?

antibiotics, immune system

How do bacteria make us sick?

1.degradation enzymes affect the host's tissue 2. bacteria = massively present -> causes an exaggerated reaction 3. Toxins -> disrupt host's metabolism

How do bacteria multiply?

binary fission

How do fungi separate themselves from the plants and animals?

plants -> fungi have no chloroplasts and animals -> fungi have a cell wall

Which factors can influence the multiplication of fungi?

1. a warm and humid environment 2. a reduced functioning/resistance of the immune system 3. disappearance of biological equilibrium -> disrupts relation of body's own bacteria and fungi

How do fungi make us sick?

1. secretion of digestive enzymes 2. affects host's tissue -> host is sick 3. fungi absorb released nutrients

How to combat a fungal infection?

Antimyotics -> affect the cell wall which causes the other parts to leak away and the cells die

Name the 2/3 parts of the inside of a virus

nucleic acid (DNA), protein coat (capsid), envelope (only by animal viruses)

How do viruses make us sick ?

1. bind to protein coat of host cell 2. host cell multiplies the virus 3. host cell dies

How to combat a viral infection?

Antiviral medication -> inhibit or stop multiplication, building up resistance, vaccines -> prevent infection

How do viruses multiply

1. protein coat binds to specific receptors of the host cell 2. virus infiltrates the cell 3. the cell is forced to make proteins and hereditary material 4. new virus created -> proteins + genetic material 5. new viruses come out of the ruptured host cell