muscular system study guide

adduction

moving closer to the midline

adhesion

bands of fibrous tissue that holds structures together abnormally, can form in muscles or internal organs as a result of surgery

antispasmodic

meds given to suppress involuntary smooth muscle contractions of the stomach, intestine, or bladder

ataxia

w/o muscle coordination

atrophy

weakness, wearing of body tissues

bradykinesia

abnormal slow mvmt

cardiopledgia

paralysis of the hear, often during surgery

contracture

permanent tightening of fascia, muscles, tendons, ligaments, or skin that occurs when normally elastic connective tissues are replaced w non-elastic fibrous tissues

cramp

painful, localized sudden contraction of a muscle

deltoid

upper arm (think flu shot)

dorsiflexion

pointing toes upward (raising toes toward leg)

dyskinesia

difficult mvmt

elevation

raising a body part up (think shrugging shoulders)

fascioplasty

surgical repair of a fascia

fasciotomy

surgical incision through the fascia to relieve tension

flexion

bending

gastrocnemius

calf muscle

gluteus maximus

largest muscle of the buttocks

heel spur

calcium deposit in the plantar fascia near its attachment to the heel bone

hypotonia

diminished tone

intermittent claudication

pain in the leg muscles that occur during exercise and is relieved by rest

kinesi/o

mvmt

myalgia

muscle pain

myocele

herniated muscle

myoclonus

sudden, involuntary jerking of a muscle

myomalacia

abnormal softening of a muscle

myoparesis

weakness or slight muscular paralysis

myoplasty

surgical repair of a muscle

myorrhexis

muscle rupture

paraplegia

paralysis of the legs and lower body

pectoralis major

thick, fan shaped muscles on the anterior chest wall

plantar flexion

moving the foot downward at the ankle

podiatrist

foot doc

quadriplegia

paralysis of all 4 extremities (from the neck down)

rectus abdominis

abdominal muscle located in the center of the trunk

rheumatologist

arthritis doc

shin splint

pain caused by tearing tibialis anterior muscle

singultus

med term for hiccups

spasm

sudden, involuntary contraction of muscle(s)

sprain

injury to a muscle (could be over use or over extension/stretching)

supination

turning hand w palm up

tax/o

coordination

ten/o, tendin/o

tendon

tenorrhaphy

surgical suturing of a tendon

ton/o

tone

trapezius

muscle located in center of the upper back

triceps

muscle located in upper arm and is formed from 3 divisions