5.21 Early Modernism

Who were Stravinsky's 3 ballet scores for, and what were they called?

Ballets Russes; The Firebird, Petrushka, The Rite of Spring

Who trained Igor Stravinsky?

Russian nationalist (Kuchka) composer Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov

Claude Debussy

Studied at the Paris Conservatory of Music, influenced by Russian music and the Indonesian gamelan, rejected Wagner and German Music, famous for innovations in orchestration and piano writing

First Viennese School

Haydn, Mozart, Beethoven

Second Viennese School

Schoenberg, Anton Webern, Alban Berg

Arnold Schoenberg

Viennese composer who was self-trained before being trained by Alexander von Zemlinsky, versatile and participated in several art forms, music similar to late Romantic at first then delved into chromaticism and atonality more and more, also developed the serial system (12-tone)

Charles Ives

Modernist American nationalist composer who worked in business mostly and didn't get attention for his music at all until he was elderly, thought that communal joy in music making mattered much more than how a piece sounded

Sprechstimme

invention of Schoenberg in which sound is not fully organized into pitches, an "extreme example" of avant-garde

Igor Stravinsky

Advocate of "objectivity" in music who rejected Romantic emotionality and dabbled in Neoclassism

Twelve-tone system

Aka serialism, a "method of composing with the twelve tones solely in relation to one another," invented by Schoenberg

Twelve-tone row/series

An ordered sequence of the 12 pitches in the twelve-tone system

Neoclassism

The style of modelling music after Classical composers such as Bach, Handel, and Mozart, but transforming/modernizing it