Biosecurity Lesson Study Guide TEDA

What is any place from which $1,000 or more of agricultural products were produced and sold, or normally would have been sold, during a given year?

farm

What is an individual or group that produces an agricultural commodity through participation in day-to-day labor, management, and field operations?

Agricultural producer

What is domestic animals ordinarily raised or used on farms including cattle (both dairy and beef cattle), sheep, swine, horses, mules, donkeys, and goats?

livestock

What is any domesticated bird used for food including chicken, turkey, goose, duck, game bird, and ratite (ostrich, emu, rhea)?

Poultry

What are the TWO things that define on farm biosecurity?

• prevent disease introduction and keep diseases off the farm; and

• control disease spread - if a disease occurs on the farm, keep it from spreading within the herd or flock and to other farms

T/F The need for treatment is minimized when an effective biosecurity program is in place. When biosecurity is well implemented, preventive measures can further improve animal health

True

What are direct losses are due to?

animal illness and death, premature culling, and reduced reproductive performance.

What are FOUR things that indirect loss is due to?

o decreased production of animal goods like meat, dairy products, wool, and eggs;

o costs of disease control efforts;

o loss of genetic lineages; and

o disruption of local, national, and global trade due to foreign animal diseases (FADs, or

diseases not currently found in the United States) like foot-and-mouth disease or African

swine fever.

T/F Veterinarians play an essential role in farm biosecurity assessment and planning

TRue

How would you disrupt Direct contact?

limit contact with infected animals (quarantine and isolation).

How do you disrupt fomites?

do not share equipment between animals; clean and disinfect; wear appropriate PPE.

How do you disrupt airborne?

keep sick animals away from healthy animals; ventilate buildings

How do you disrupt ingestion?

keep feed and water free from contamination; keep wild animals and pests out of animal

areas.

How do you disrupt vectorborne disease?

keep insects and wild animals out of animal areas; implement an insect and rodent control

program; clean and disinfect

What are some ways that vets play a role in biosecurity?

Training in animal health and

husbandry, infectious disease, herd health, and food safety makes veterinarians well-equipped to assist

producers with biosecurity.

Disease does not occur randomly but

involves the complex interaction between what THREE things?

Disease does not occur randomly but

involves the complex interaction between

Do you isolate healthy or sick animals?

sick

Do you Quarantine healthy or sick animals?

healthy

What are the TWO purposes of PPE?

1) it protects humans against potentially harmful hazards (e.g., zoonoses, chemicals)

2) it helps prevent the spread of microorganisms by `humans between animals, locations on a premise, and off of a premise.

What are the TWO concepts that biosecurity must address?

the external and internal threats to the farm or practice

External biosecurity can be used to protect against threats like the following: (6)

• people that come onto the farm, including workers, neighbors, delivery persons, and visitors;

• vehicles and equipment that come onto the farm;

• new animals entering or animals returning to the farm;

• biological materials like colostrum, semen, and embryos;

• arthropods, rodents, and wildlife that carry diseases; and

• contaminated feed and water.

How is the highest probability of introduction of a new pathogen achieved?

introduction of animals or fomites carried by people (boots, clothes, etc.)

Once a disease is present on the farm, it can spread in different ways, including the following: (4)

• sick animals to healthy animals;

• older animals to younger animals;

• contaminated equipment or tools to susceptible animals; and

• farm workers to susceptible animals via contaminated hands, clothing, or boots.

T/F Farm characteristics can influence how easily pathogens enter a farm or spread once they are present

True

What establishes an inner control boundary that prevents the movement of a pathogen into areas where susceptible animals can be exposed?

Line of Separation

Biosecurity recommendations for veterinarians and employees include the following: (3)

• Wear clean boots that are used only on one farm, or clean and disinfect boots before entering or leaving the farm.

• Wear clean clothing that is used only on one farm; laundry facilities should be located on-site so work clothing can be easily washed.

• Stay on-site during the workday. If you must visit or work on another farm, observe the specified downtime before returning to work.

T/F Animal ID can be critical when disease strikes; producers need to know where animals have moved before—or

after—being on the farm

True

What is one of the most significant biosecurity risk for most farms?

Incoming animals

____ of new animals is critical to prevent disease introduction, with facilities acting as biocontainment units. A separate building or pen can serve as a quarantine facility

Quarantine

To assess the biosecurity risk associated with movement of vehicles and equipment, think about what THREE things?

• what type of movement occurs;

• how often does it occur; and

• where have the vehicles been before they come onto a farm.

Farm access should be limited. Only essential vehicles and equipment should come onto the farm. To protect animal areas: (4)

• clearly mark points of entry with signs;

• require off-farm vehicles and equipment to be cleaned and disinfected;

• route off-farm vehicles and equipment around animal areas; and

• set up one or more LOS.

T/F Housing areas should be cleaned regularly to eliminate or reduce pathogens

True

T/F You should give good food that has been stored properly and have clean source of drinking water and make sure your stuff is cleaned properly

True

What is the first step in trying to control vector borne diseases?

monitoring vector populations on the farm and identifying problems

Lets talk about wild life:

Good practices to prevent wildlife intrusion include:

(sorry)

• Keep buildings and fences in good repair; seal holes where wildlife can enter, repair screens and doors,

and replace rotting or damaged wood.

• Build fences to keep out feral swine, coyotes, and deer.

• Use buried fences or concrete aprons around buildings to keep out burrowing and digging animals like

foxes, rabbits, and groundhogs.

• Fill burrows and tunnels with stones or concrete to discourage nesting.

• Place feeders and waterers in places where they can easily be monitored for signs of wildlife activity,

like animal tracks and the presence of urine or feces.

Keep livestock and poultry away from wooded areas or habitats where wildlife are likely to be; move

animals away from areas where wildlife visit frequently.

• Store feed in metal or other sealable containers; clean up spills and excess feed daily.

• Consider the use of guard animals like dogs or donkeys; make sure guard animals are up-to-date on

vaccinations and parasite control.

Rodent control often requires

____ ___ ____ , a series of pest management controls.

Integrated Pest Management (IPM)

There are four biosecurity principles that can be applied to a veterinary practice. What are they?

1. Limit the risk of disease introduction.

2. Limit infectious agent spread within the practice.

3. Prevent human exposure to infectious diseases.

4. Prevent contamination of the environment and persistence of the pathogen.

T/F PPE is the first line of defense when looking at the hierarchy of control

False, last line

PPE should be worn in all clinical settings, including farm settings to do what FOUR things?

• minimize exposure to zoonotic diseases;

• protect against physical injury;

• reduce disease spread; and

• prevent disease introduction.

Explain the basic cleaning procedure?

1. Dry Clean - Remove manure, bedding, gross debris, organic material to allow disinfectants to work properly.

2. Wash

• Soak with water and detergent.

• Wipe, scrub, and spray the area.

• Use caution with high-pressure spraying.

• Pay special attention to floor drains and corners.

3. Rinse- Rinse areas thoroughly to avoid inactivation of disinfectants by residual soaps and detergents.

4. Dry- Allow area to dry before applying a disinfectant to reduce the effects of dilution.

What is the manual removal of microbes and other debris, like soil, bedding, litter, or feed, from surfaces and equipment (including the crevices and joints)?

cleaning

What is chemical or physical process that destroys pathogens on inanimate objects (i.e., any nonliving surface)?

Disinfection

Bacteria and (non- enveloped/enveloped) viruses are generally more susceptible to chemical disinfection than (non-enveloped/enveloped) viruses and bacterial endospores.

enveloped, non-enveloped

End all summary:

• Biosecurity is a set of practices that stop the spread of disease onto or out of an area where animals are

present.

• Careful assessment of disease risks on the farm or in a veterinary practice is needed to help identify and

implement appropriate biosecurity measures.

• Certain biosecurity principles apply to all settings. These include: keeping animals healthy and keeping

animal environments clean, evaluating disease transmission risk and frequency, and adapting

biosecurity plans based on specific needs of a farm or veterinary practice.

this was a whole lot of nothing that you already knew bc youre smart <3