German printer who was the first in Europe to print using movable type and the first to use a press (1400-1468)
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anatomy
structures of humans, animals, and plants. Used for realistic art.
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shading
used darker parts to show dimension
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perspective
ability to give depth to painting/ involved some math
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Leonardo da Vinci
Italian painter, engineer, musician, and scientist. The most versatile genius of the Renaissance
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Mona Lisa
title of one of da Vinci's paintings, a painting of a woman
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Michelangelo
painted the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel in Rome
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Sistine Chapel
located in Rome, has a famous ceiling painted by Michelangelo
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Ghiberti
made beautiful bronze doors on the baptistery of Florence
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Brunelleschi
Renaissance architect that designed the dome for the Cathedral of Florence; rejected Gothic style
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humanities
renaissance subjects including human interests and experiences, literature, philosophy, art, history, grammar, and speech.
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Father of Humanism
Petrarch's nickname
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Petrarch
Father of Humanism
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Castiglione
Italian author, wrote The Courtier, wrote about good manners
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Machiavelli
Italian, author of The Prince, wrote about politics
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Erasmus
published the first Greek N.T. on a moveable type press
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Sir Thomas More
wrote "Utopia" (means nowhere) moral man devoted to God suported by the Pope
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transubstantiation
says wine and bread become flesh and blood of Christ
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indulgences
papers that grant pardon from the punishment of sin this "sparked" the Reformation movement
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John Wycliffe
produced the first Bible in English, believed that salvation was through Christ, not the Pope
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Martin Luther
Author of the 95 Theses, leader of the Reformation; led to salvation by Romans 1:17, "The just shall live by faith"; translated the Bible into German
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Ulrich Zwingli
a Reformer from the German-speaking part of Switzerland
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John Calvin
wrote "Institutes of the Christian Religion" associated with the idea of Predestination (God decided your destiny before birth)
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predestination
the idea that God decides a person's destiny before birth
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Jesuits
Catholic monastic order (group) founded to stop the spread of the Reformation
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Index of Prohibited Books
a group of books the Catholic church banned as heretical
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Council of Trent
a meeting of Catholic church officials in reaction to the Reformation
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Huguenots
French Protestants influenced by John Calvin
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Thirty-Year's War
War between Catholic and Protestant Religions
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Protestants
reformers who protested some practices of the Catholic Church; the term came from Germany
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Anabaptists
rejected infant baptism & the state church/ "re-baptizes"
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Leo X
Pope who authorized the sale of indulgences
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John Huss
from Bohemia/ burned at stake by Roman Church for his teachings against that church
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recant
means to "take back" what one has written
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anatomy, shading, perspective
Realism art had what 3 things in it?
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gothic, roman
During the renaissance, Europe rejected ______________ style and went back to _______________ style.
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renaissance man
What "type" of man knew a lot about many different subjects?
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Leondardo Da Vinci
Example of a "renaissance man"
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1. men sought truth for THEMSELVES 2.Renewed interest in Greek & Hebrew manuscripts 3. Focus on developing the individual 4. literature and Bible became WIDESPREAD
list 4 positives of the renaissance
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1. Emphasis was more heavily on man than GOD 2. Roman Catholic Church was full of HYPOCRISY
List 2 negatives of the Renaissance
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1. Scripture alone 2. Faith alone 3. Priesthood of the believer
What are the 3 central doctrines from the reformation?
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priest
priesthood of the believer means once saved, each has DIRECT ACCESS to GOD and is a what?
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1. freedom 2. citizenship 3. stronger families (God's truth taught AT HOME) 4. education
what are 4 results of the REFORMATION?
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Jesuits
What group of people was a part of the "society of Jesus?"
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Council of Trent
Catholic leaders met several times over 10 years - what is this called?
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Huguenots
What are French protestants called?
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Thirty Years War
What was the last religious major religious war in Europe?
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good works
In Catholicism, what is required for salvation?
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equal
in Catholicism, writings of men are _____________ with Scripture
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priests
in Catholicism, sins are confessed to who?
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Erasmus
Wrote "In Praise of Folly"
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Transubstantiation
Catholic belief that the bread and wine actually become the body and blood of Christ.
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Boniface VIII
pope that decreed that submission to the pope was necessary for salvation
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Martin Luther
translated the Bible into German
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Pope Leo X
St. Peter's Basilica
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Ulrich Zwingli
Swiss reformer
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Henry of Navarre
Edict of Nantes promised religious toleration in France. Who issued this decree?
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France
John Calvin's homeland?
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Martin Luther
"the just shall live by faith" led to whose salvation?