BJU World Studies 7 Chapter 6

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Renaissance

Renaissance

means "rebirth" /revival of learning

Johannes Gutenberg

German printer who was the first in Europe to print using movable type and the first to use a press (1400-1468)

anatomy

structures of humans, animals, and plants. Used for realistic art.

shading

used darker parts to show dimension

perspective

ability to give depth to painting/ involved some math

Leonardo da Vinci

Italian painter, engineer, musician, and scientist. The most versatile genius of the Renaissance

Mona Lisa

title of one of da Vinci's paintings, a painting of a woman

Michelangelo

painted the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel in Rome

Sistine Chapel

located in Rome, has a famous ceiling painted by Michelangelo

Ghiberti

made beautiful bronze doors on the baptistery of Florence

Brunelleschi

Renaissance architect that designed the dome for the Cathedral of Florence; rejected Gothic style

humanities

renaissance subjects including human interests and experiences, literature, philosophy, art, history, grammar, and speech.

Father of Humanism

Petrarch's nickname

Petrarch

Father of Humanism

Castiglione

Italian author, wrote The Courtier, wrote about good manners

Machiavelli

Italian, author of The Prince, wrote about politics

Erasmus

published the first Greek N.T. on a moveable type press

Sir Thomas More

wrote "Utopia" (means nowhere) moral man devoted to God suported by the Pope

transubstantiation

says wine and bread become flesh and blood of Christ

indulgences

papers that grant pardon from the punishment of sin this "sparked" the Reformation movement

John Wycliffe

produced the first Bible in English, believed that salvation was through Christ, not the Pope

Martin Luther

Author of the 95 Theses, leader of the Reformation; led to salvation by Romans 1:17, "The just shall live by faith"; translated the Bible into German

Ulrich Zwingli

a Reformer from the German-speaking part of Switzerland

John Calvin

wrote "Institutes of the Christian Religion" associated with the idea of Predestination (God decided your destiny before birth)

predestination

the idea that God decides a person's destiny before birth

Jesuits

Catholic monastic order (group) founded to stop the spread of the Reformation

Index of Prohibited Books

a group of books the Catholic church banned as heretical

Council of Trent

a meeting of Catholic church officials in reaction to the Reformation

Huguenots

French Protestants influenced by John Calvin

Thirty-Year's War

War between Catholic and Protestant Religions

Protestants

reformers who protested some practices of the Catholic Church; the term came from Germany

Anabaptists

rejected infant baptism & the state church/ "re-baptizes"

Leo X

Pope who authorized the sale of indulgences

John Huss

from Bohemia/ burned at stake by Roman Church for his teachings against that church

recant

means to "take back" what one has written

anatomy, shading, perspective

Realism art had what 3 things in it?

gothic, roman

During the renaissance, Europe rejected ______________ style and went back to _______________ style.

renaissance man

What "type" of man knew a lot about many different subjects?

Leondardo Da Vinci

Example of a "renaissance man"

1. men sought truth for THEMSELVES 2.Renewed interest in Greek & Hebrew manuscripts

2. Focus on developing the individual

3. literature and Bible became WIDESPREAD

list 4 positives of the renaissance

1. Emphasis was more heavily on man than GOD

2. Roman Catholic Church was full of HYPOCRISY

List 2 negatives of the Renaissance

1. Scripture alone

2. Faith alone

3. Priesthood of the believer

What are the 3 central doctrines from the reformation?

priest

priesthood of the believer means once saved, each has DIRECT ACCESS to GOD and is a what?

1. freedom

2. citizenship

3. stronger families (God's truth taught AT HOME)

4. education

what are 4 results of the REFORMATION?

Jesuits

What group of people was a part of the "society of Jesus?"

Council of Trent

Catholic leaders met several times over 10 years - what is this called?

Huguenots

What are French protestants called?

Thirty Years War

What was the last religious major religious war in Europe?

good works

In Catholicism, what is required for salvation?

equal

in Catholicism, writings of men are _____________ with Scripture

priests

in Catholicism, sins are confessed to who?

Erasmus

Wrote "In Praise of Folly"

Transubstantiation

Catholic belief that the bread and wine actually become the body and blood of Christ.

Boniface VIII

pope that decreed that submission to the pope was necessary for salvation

Martin Luther

translated the Bible into German

Pope Leo X

St. Peter's Basilica

Ulrich Zwingli

Swiss reformer

Henry of Navarre

Edict of Nantes promised religious toleration in France. Who issued this decree?

France

John Calvin's homeland?

Martin Luther

"the just shall live by faith" led to whose salvation?

excommunication

dismissal of an individual from the Roman Church