Competition,succession,populations

What is competition

When different species need the same resources and have the same,e abiotic and biotic role

What biotic factors can affect population size

Mates

Food availability

Predators

What abiotic factors can affect the population size

Temperature

Water availability

Territory

Explain lag phase

Slow increase in population

Population is small to start with

Explain exponential phase

Rapid increase in population size resources are not limiting

Birth rate bigger then death rate

No competition

Explain stationary phase

Population size plateaus

Carrying capacity reached due to limiting resources

Intraspecific competition for resources

Birth=death

Explain death phase

Death rate is bigger than birth rate

Environment can no longer support population because of how the organism has changed the environment

Describe the predator prey relationship graph

1) prey population increases rapidly because there is a lot of food and mates available and they are not being eaten by predators

2)population of predator begins to increase because there are more gazelles available for them to eat so they can survive and reproduce

3) so prey population decreases because they are being eaten

4)predators population decreases because there is less food available so there is more intraspecific competition

This cycle takes …………

What is a predator

An organism that hunts prey

What is an abiotic factor

Non living factor

What is intraspecific competition

Competition between organisms of the same species

E.g mates ,food

What is interspecific competition

Competition between organisms of different species

Food water

What is meant by carrying capacity

The maximum population size that an ecosystem can support

What is succession

A change in community over time

Due to change in environmental factors change due to species present

What is a pioneer species

The first species to colonise an area

What are the features of a climax community

Stable community over a long time

Abiotic factors constant over time

Populations stable

The final stable community where there is no further succession

What is climax community

Why are earlier successional species outcompeted by later species

Pioneer able to grow in hostile conditions

When conditions become less hostile other species colonise

New species able to grow/reproduce faster than pioneer species so they get out competed

Explain how conservation of habits involves management of succession

Further succession prevented to stop a climax community forming

-preventing growth of species associated with later stages

Preserves ecosystem im current stage of succession

So early species are not outcompeted

Describe the conflict between human needs and conservation as well as the importance of managing this

Human demand for natural resources is leading to biodiversity loss

Conservation is needed to protect biodiversity/habitats

Meeting current needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet theirs

What is secondary succession

When an areas is returned to an earlier successional stage and succession takes place again

What is primary succession

When succession starts from pioneer species colonising an area that has never had anything growing there

Describe and explain how succession occurs-all mark scheme points seen

Colonisation by pioneer species colonising an

Pioneer change environment by proving food …nutrient

Less hostile for new species -NAME

New species can colonise once change because better competitors

Conditions change further

Pioneer out competed as succession continues so pioneer initially then decreases

Change in biodiversity

To climax community

*depth of soil increases increases as plants die

Explain the succession and development of woodland resulted in increase in diversity of birds

Biodiversity of plants increases

Greater variety of habitats and food source

Explain the advantage to a plant that colonises after 50 years of having a high rate of photosynthesis at low light intensities

Hugh percentage of plants lower light intensity on ground

Plants can grow

Explain why conservation of grassland habitats involves the management of succession

Small plants out completed by larger

So larger removed

Explain advantage to pioneer plants of germinating better when temperature fluctuates

Bare soil has more fluctuations in temperature

Pioneer plants at early succession so help survive

Explain how trees in the first having leaves all year results in low species diversity

Only plants that can photosynthesise with low light intensities survive

Explain why species that are present during succession change

Pioneer changes environment makes less hostile

Newer species colonise and are better adapted so better competitors

Out compete

Explain why diversity of ANIMALS is higher at later succession

Greater variety of food sources and habitat

Explain why bog is described as climax community

No further succession