Endocrine system

target cells

specific cells that respond to a given hormone due to specific receptor sites for that hormone

protein hormone

react with receptors on the surface of the cell = sequence of events that result in hormone action is rapid

steroid hormones

react with receptor sites inside a cells, usually involves synthesis of proteins, slower action

potent

hormones are ___

endocrine glands

secrete hormones directly into the blood to reach every target cell in the body

target tissue and organs

each hormone has a specific molecular shape that slots only into receptors on…

regulate

what hormones do to metabolic processes

metabolism

what hormones regulate in the breakdown of chemical substances

endoplasmic reticulum

where hormones are made

golgi apparatus

how hormones are transported

hypothalamus

what runs the endocrine system

pituitary gland

the hormones of the hyoothalamus gland secrete, which stimulates this gland

thalamus

the hypothalamus is a small gland located in the brain below this gland

produces

the hypothalamus _____ hypothalamic releasing hormones and hypothalamic non-releasingg hormones which stimulates or inhibit the action of the pituitary

infundibulum

small pea-sized gland attached to the hypothalamus by a short stalk

sella turcica

the pituitary gland rests in a bony depression of the sphenoid bone called the…

adenohypophysis

anterior lobe of the pituitary gland

neurohypophysis

posterior lobe of the pituitary gland

tropic hormones

other endocrine glands that secrete their own hormones that are one of two ways hormones function in the pituitary gland

growth hormone

regulatory hormones of the Adenohypophysis, responsible for the growth and development of muscles, cartilage, and long bones of the body

gluconeogenesis

conversion of fat and protein into glucose by the liver

prolactin

regulatory hormones of the Adenohypophysis, stimulates the growth of mammary glands and milk production in nursing mothers

adrenocorticotropic hormone

tropic hormone of the Adenohypophysis, acts on the adrenal cortex to stimulate the release of steroid hormones

thyroid stimulating hormone

tropic hormone of the Adenohypophysis, acts on the thyroid gland to stimulate the release of thyroxine and triiodothryonine

follicle stimulating hormone

tropic hormones of the adenohypophysism stimulates the production of estrogen in females

Luteinizing hormone

tropic hormones of the adenohypophysis, acts of the ovaries to produce estrogen and testosterone and signals the release of eggs, produces testosterone

ADH

First hormone that is stored by the neurohypophysis, not Oxytocin

OXT

Second hormone that is stored by the neurohypophysis, not ADH

Antidiuretic hormone

hormone of the neurohyophysis, decreases urine output, diuretics stimulate urine production to decrease fluid retention in the body, targets the kidneys, stimulating water reabsorbtion and returning fluid to the blood

alcohol

this inhibits ADH, leading to increased urination, dehydration, and dry mouth

vasopressin

second name for antidiuretic hormone

oxytocin

hormone of the neurohypophysis, stimulates muscular contractions in the uterus, production is stumulated by the sucking mechanism of a nursing baby which stimulates the mammary glands to produce and release milk

IV pitocin

mimics the effects of oxytocin, given to women in labor to induce or speed up delivery of a baby

thyroid gland

a butterfly shaped gland approximately 2 inches long with two lateral lobes, functions to drive metabolic reactions in the body

isthmus

two lateral lobes of the thyroid gland are divided by a medial piece of tissue called the…

thyroxine

hormone of the thyroid, targets most body cells and acts to increase metabolism by improving energy utilization, oxygen consumption, growth, and development

triiodothyronine

hormone of the thyroid, plays a vital role in the body’s metabolic ratem heart and digestive functions, muscle control, brain development, and the maintenance of bones, more powerful than 1st hormone

iodine

required to make T4 and T3 from dietary intake

thyroid hormone

release of this is controlled by hypothalamic releasing hormone, which triggers adenohypophysis to release TSH