Perception and Thinking Vocab quiz

perceptual set

a mental predisposition to perceive one thing and not another

binocular cure

Binocular cues are depth cues, such as retinal disparity and convergence, that depend on the use of two eyes

monocular cue

depth cues available to each eye separately

phi phenomenon

An illusion created when two or more adjacent lights blink on and off in quick succession

cognition

All the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating

concept

mental groupings of similar objects, events, ideas, or people.

prototype

A prototype is the BEST example of something within a certain schema or concept.

covergent thinking

narrowing the available problem solutions to determine the single best solution

divergent thinking

expanding the number of possible solutions; creative thinking that diverges in different directions

algorithm

time consuming, exhaust all possibilities before arriving at a solution. Computers use algorithms.

heuristic

make it easier for us to use simple principles to arrive at solutions to problems.

insight

A sudden realization of a problem’s solution

conformation bias

Tendency to search for information that supports our preconceptions, ignore or distort info to the contrary.

fixation

The inability to see a problem from a new perspective

mental set

Tendency to approach problems in particular ways, often a way that has

been successful in the past

intuition

Fast, automatic feelings and thoughts

Representativeness heuristic

Estimating the likelihood of events, or making a judgement about something, in terms of how well they seem to represent, or match, prototypes.

availability heuristic

Estimating the likelihood of events, or making

judgments about something, based on their

availability in memory.

belief perseverance

Clinging to one’s initial conceptions after the basis on which they were formed has been discredited

framing

the way an issue is posed; how an issue is worded can significantly affect decisions and judgments