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29 Terms
what is a reactant
a substance present at the start of a chemical reaction
what is a product
a substance formed in a chemical reaction
where are the reactants and products in a equation
reactants: left side, products: right side
what is the law of conservation of mass
mass is not created or destroyed in a chemical reaction
what does this mean for equations
mass is not creater or destroyed in a chemical reaction
what does this mean for equations
total mass of reactants= total mass of products
why does mass stay the same in reactions
atoms are rearranged, not created or destroyed.
what does the coefficiant show
total no of molecules/ particles
what does the subscript show
the no of atoms in a molecule
how many atoms are in H2o?
2 hydrogen, 1 oxygen.
How many atoms are in 2H₂O?
4 hydrogen, 2 oxygen.
Q: What does it mean if an equation is balanced?
A: Same number of each type of atom on both sides.
Q: How do you balance equations?
A: Change coefficients, NOT subscripts.
Q: What is an independent variable (IV)?
A: The variable you change.
Q: What is a dependent variable (DV)?
A: The variable you measure.
Q: What are controlled variables?
A: Variables kept the same for a fair test.
Q: Why control variables?
A: To ensure valid and reliable results.
Q: What is an aim?
A: A statement of what the experiment is testing.
Q: Aim structure?
A: “To investigate the effect of (IV) on (DV).”
Q: What is a hypothesis?
A: A prediction based on scientific reasoning.
Q: Hypothesis structure?
A: “If (IV) changes, then (DV) will…, because…”
Q: What should tables include?
A: Clear headings, units, organised data.
Q: When do you use a line graph?
A: Continuous data (e.g. time, temperature).
Q: When do you use a bar graph?
A: Categories or discrete data.
Q: What must a graph include?
A: Title, labelled axes, units, scale.
Q: Which axis is IV on?
A: X-axis.
Q: Which axis is DV on?
A: Y-axis.
Q: What are the 3 parts of a conclusion?
A:
Restate aim
Summarise results
Say if hypothesis is supported
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