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Decimal number
a base 10 number with ten possible different digits
Binary number
a base 2 number with two possible different digits
Bit
Each 1 or 0 in binary represents …
Byte
8 bits are a …
how many binary numbers can we create with n-bits.
2^n binary numbers
what is the largest binary number we can create with n-bits?
2^n-1
Overflow Error
When you try to represent a number that is so large that it requires more bits to the left of the decimal point than have been allotted
Roundoff Error
When you try to represent a fractional value that requires more bits to the right of the decimal point than have been allotted
Abstraction
Hiding complex system details for easier use and understanding
Metadata
Data describing other data
Analog Data
Data with continuously changing values
Digital Data
Data with discreet changes through a finite set of values
Sampling
Converting analog data into digital data through distinct samples
Lossless Compression
Reducing message size while maintaining exact reconstruction
Lossy Compression
Reducing message size without exact reconstruction
Computing Device
Machine running programs like computers, tablets, servers
Computing Network
Interconnected devices capable of communication
Path
Connections between computing devices on a network
Redundancy
Multiple paths between devices in a network
Fault Tolerant
Network's ability to function despite component failures
Bandwidth
Maximum data sent in a fixed time, measured in bits per second
Protocol
Agreed-upon rules specifying system behavior
IP Address
Unique number assigned to devices on the Internet
Router
Computer forwarding data across a network
Datastream
Information passed through the internet in packets
Packet
Chunk of data sent over a network
TCP
Protocol ensuring error-free packet transmission
UDP
Protocol for quick packet transmission with minimal error-checking
Server
Computer storing and sharing data on the internet
DNS
Protocol converting domain names to IP addresses
Digital Divide
Inequalities between those with and without computer and online access
Net Neutrality
Principle of treating all internet communications equally
Creative Commons
Copyright licensing allowing free distribution
Copyright Issues
Legal concerns regarding intellectual property rights
Debugging
Finding and fixing errors in code
Syntax Error
Error due to incorrect programming language
Logic Error
Program runs without crashing but doesn't perform as intended
Sequential Programming
Program statements run in order
Event Driven Programming
Program statements triggered by events like mouse clicks
Value
Number or string in programming
Expression
Combination of operators and values evaluating to a single value
Variable
Container holding one value at a time
Assignment Operator
Allows assigning or changing variable values
Boolean Value
Data type representing true or false
Global Variable
Defined outside functions, usable anywhere in the program
Local Variable
Defined inside functions, usable only within that function
Comparison Operators
Operators comparing Boolean values
Logical Operators
Operators like AND, OR, NOT
List
Ordered collection of elements
Element
Individual value in a list with a unique index
Index
Method for referencing list elements using numbers
Length of a List
Number of elements in a list
appendItem()
Adds an element to the end of a list
insertItem()
Places an element at a specific index in a list
removeItem()
Removes an element at a specific index in a list
myList.length
Returns the length of a list
Iteration
Repetitive portion of an algorithm
Simulations
Computer-based simulations for complex tasks
Functions
Reusable code chunks in programming
Parameter
Variable in a function definition
Argument
Value passed into a function as a parameter
Return
Used to pass information back from a function to the main program
Library
Group of functions used in creating programs
API
Specifications for library functions' behavior
Procedural Abstraction
Naming functions for use without knowing implementation
Modularity
Subdivision of a program into subprograms
Problem
General task description solvable with an algorithm
Algorithm
Set of instructions accomplishing a task
Efficiency
Algorithm's speed in solving a problem
Linear Search
Algorithm checking each list element until finding the desired value
Binary Search
Algorithm starting in the middle of a sorted set to find a value