find the antecedent (Bezugswort): what are we referring to
2
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Second step
Determine the gender and number of the antecedent: how many and what gender?
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Third step
Figure out how the relative pronoun is used in the relative clause (subject, direct object, indirect object, object of a preposition) and which case that will require
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Fourth step
Determine the correct relative pronoun given what you now know