Science Quiz - Unit Conversions, Sig Figs, Prefixes, etc.

Measurement

a quantity that has both a number and a unit

Accuracy

a measure of how close a measurement comes to the actual/true value of whatever is measured

Precision

a measure of how close a series of measurements are to one another

"your experiment's melting point compared to the book example" is an example of...

Accuracy (example)

"3 data point only .01 different from each other" is an example of ...

Precision (example)

Error

the absolute value of the difference between the experimental value and the accepted value

Percent Error

the absolute value of the quantity of the difference between the EV and the AV divided by the AV multiplied by 100

IEV-AVI

Error equation

I(EV-AV)I/AV x 100

Error percentage

Significant figures

a measurement include all of the digits that are known plus a last digit that is estimated; can relate the certainty of the measurement to the precision of the experiment.

Rules of Sig Figs

Find the first non-zero number starting from the left and count all numbers to the right, no leading zeros, trailing zeros are always sig figs with decimal point, and captive zeros are counted.

Scientific notation

(1

47.3

4.73 x 10^1

0.0021

2.1 x 10^-3

Adding Sig Figs

Align decimal points and round the #s to the measurement with the least amount of decimal places.

12.52 + 349.0 + 8.24

369.8 or 3.698 x 10^2

Giga

G, 10^9, 1,000,000,000

Mega

M, 10^6, 1,000,000

kilo

k, 10^3, 1,000

deci

d, 10^-1, 0.1

centi

c, 10^-2, 0.01

milli

m, 10^-3, 0.001

micro

μ, 10^-6, 0.000,001

nano

n, 10^-9, 0.000,000,001

pico

p, 10^-12, 0.000,000,000,001

Mass

kg

Length

m

time

s

temperature

Kelvin (K)

Amount

Mole (mol)

Current

Ampere (A)

Intensity

candela (ca)

Volume

cubic meter (m^3)

Force

Newton (N)

Power

Watt (W)

Potential

volt (V)

Resistance

ohm (Ω)

Frequency

Hertz (Hz)