Studied by 32 people
Militarism
-improving your military and technology
-ensuring that your military strength is better than other nations and is displayed as a show of force
Alliances
Triple Alliance and Triple Entente
Imperialism
-each nation wanting more power
-focused on natural resources from other areas
-conquered, occupied, control territories around the world
-other powerful countries are a threat
Nationalism
-pride in your nation
-feeling that your country is better than others
Trench Warfare
A form of warfare in which opposing armies fight each other from trenches dug in the battlefield
14 points
President Woodrow Wilson's plan for organizing post World War I Europe and for avoiding future wars
Franz Ferdinand
-Archduke of Austria-Hungary was assassinated by a Serbian nationalist
-A major catalyst for <del>WWI</del>
Central Powers
Austria-Hungary, Germany, Ottoman Empire
Allies
Britain, France, and Russia- Later joined by Italy
18th Amendment
Prohibition of alcohol
19th Amendment
Women's suffrage
Neutrality
policy of supporting neither side in a war
submarines
-could navigate past the blockades
-undetectable
-strong offense, no defense
Lusitania
-American boat that was sunk by the German U-boats
-made America consider entering WWI
Pancho Villa
-A popular leader during the Mexican Revolution of 1910 -when the revolution started, he formed a cavalry army in the north of Mexico and fought for the rights of the landless in collaboration with Emiliano Zapata.
Unrestricted Submarine Warfare
Germany's Policy of sinking ships with their U-boats, enemy or neutral, that carry war material
Zimmerman Telegram
A telegram Germany Sent to Mexico to convince Mexico to attack the U.S
Bolshevik Revolution
1917 uprising in Russia led by Vladimir Lenin which established a communist government and withdrew Russia from World War I
John J. Pershing
-US general who chased Villa over 300 miles into Mexico but didn't capture him
-commander of American Expeditionary forces in Europe
Warren G. Harding
president who called for a return to normalcy following WWI
Espionage Act of 1917
Law which punished people for aiding the enemy or refusing military duty during WW1
The Birth of a Nation
-Controversial but highly influential and innovative silent film directed by D.W. Griffith
-It demonstrated the power of film propaganda and revived the KKK
The Great Migration
movement of over 300,000 African American from the rural south into Northern cities between 1914 and 1920 in hopes for jobs
Charlie Chaplin
popular silent film star
Margaret Sanger
-pushed for reform on promoting knowledge about contraceptives
Treaty ofVersailles
Treaty that ended WWI
League of Nations
an international organization formed in 1920 to promote cooperation and peace among nations
Sacco and Vanzetti
-In 1920 these two men were convicted of murder and robbery
-They were found guilty and died in the electric chair unfairly
Marcus Garvey
-formed the Universal Negro Improvement Association(UNIA)
Bootleggers
Smugglers of illegal alcohol during the Prohibition era
Al Capone
-A mob king in Chicago who controlled a large network of speakeasies with enormous profits
-His illegal activities convey the failure of prohibition in the twenties and the problems with gangs
5 Power Treaty
Britain, France, Italy, Japan, and U.S. limited the construction of warships and decreased their naval power
Radio
-by 1902 508 radio stations
-3 million radios in use
-major broadcasting companies rose to prominence
Red Scare
Fear of communism
Albert Fall
Secretary of Interior under Harding responsible for Teapot Dome scandal
Teapot Dome Scandal
A government scandal involving a former United States Navy oil reserve in Wyoming that was secretly leased to a private oil company in 1921
Harlem Renaissance
A period in the 1920s when African-American achievements in art and music and literature flourished
Louis Armstrong
trumpet player who influenced the development of jazz
F. Scott Fitzgerald
wrote The Great Gatsby
Scopes Trial
1925 trial of a Tennessee schoolteacher for teaching Darwin's theory of evolution
George Herman "Babe" Ruth
first great home run hitter
Charles Lindbergh
made the first nonstop solo flight across the Atlantic
Herbert Hoover
-elected in 1928
-successful mining business, secretary of commerce
-showed good business savvy and seemed poised to continue America's economic boom
Stock market crash of 1929
Plunge in stock market prices that marked the beginning of the Great Depression
Black Thursday
October 24, 1929; stock market crashes and almost 13 million shares are sold that day alone
Hoovervilles
a shantytown built by unemployed and destitute people during the Depression of the early 1930s
Good Neighbor Policy
President Franklin Roosevelt's policy intended to strengthen friendly relations with Latin America
Brain Trust
Group of expert policy advisers who worked with FDR in the 1930s to end the great depression
Franklin D. Roosevelt
President of the United States during most of the Depression and most of World War II
Bonus Army
WWI veterans who marched on Washington demanding their $1,000 bonus pay before the 1945 due date
Scottsboro Boys
Nine black boys were accused of raping two white women near Scottsboro, Alabama
20th Amendment
(FDR) , change of dates for the start of presidential/congressional terms
Margin Trading
borrowing money from brokers to buy stock, paying interest on the borrowed money, and leaving the stock with the broker as collateral
government securities
bonds or other promissory certificates issued by the government
Insider Trading
the illegal trading of a company's stock by people using confidential company information
Paper Companies
Existed only on paper, increased demand for stocks
distribution of income
way in which the nation's income is divided among families, individuals, or other designated groups
Agricultural subsidies
a governmental subsidy paid to farmers and agribusinesses to supplement their income, manage the supply of agricultural commodities and influence the cost and supply of such commodities
German Reparations
Since Germany lost WW1 they had to pay War Damages to Britain and France
Smoot-Hawley Tariff
-Hoover's attempt to recover industry
-a tariff that raised rates on imported goods making European goods expensive
-hoped to increase the reliance on American goods and keep the money at home
Bank Failures
-One of the factors that led to the Great Depression -- - -when a bank ran out of reserves to pay customers who wanted to withdraw their deposits
President's Organization on Unemployment Relief (POUR)
help citizens who lost their jobs due to Great Depression
Stimson Doctrine
U.S. policy calling for the non-recognition of international territorial changes that were executed by force
Banking Crisis
When individuals and companies lose confidence in the banking system and withdraw their deposits in what is called a 'run on banks.'
Fireside Chats
radio broadcasts made by FDR to the American people to explain his initiatives
New Deal
A series of reforms enacted by the Franklin Roosevelt administration between 1933 and 1942 with the goal of ending the Great Depression
Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)
-young men, 17-24 "city boys" would be given jobs, in camps run by the U.S. Army
-would stock rivers, fight forest fires, clean benches, build wildlife shelters
-eased unemployment and lowered crime rate
Harry Hopkins
Head of the Federal Emergency Relief Act program (FERA)
Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA)
provided unemployed with free food
Civil Works Administration
Provided jobs for the unemployed
Tennessee Valley Authority
-help improve regional planning and develop natural resources
-attacked the nations poorest areas of farmers and sharecroppers who had no electricity, medical care, schooling, or roads
Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA)
Gave farmers money to reduce crop size to reduce production and bring up the value of crops
Dust Bowl
A drought in the 1930s that turned the Great Planes very dry
Southern Tenant Farmers Union (STFU)
tenants and sharecroppers formed an organization to fight ruthless landlords
National Recovery Act
provided money to states to create jobs chiefly in the construction of schools and other community buildings
Fair Labor Standards Act
1938 law that set a minimum wage, a maximum workweek of 44 hours, and outlawed child labor
Security and Exchange Commission
independent agency of the government that regulates financial markets and investment companies
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
the government agency that insures customer deposits if a bank fails
21st Amendment
repealed prohibition
Huey P. Long
-largest challenger to FDR
-pushed higher taxes for corporations and wealthy
-wanted to cap earnings
Second New Deal
a new set of programs in the spring of 1935 including additional banking reforms, new tax laws, new relief programs
Works Progress Administration
-New Deal agency that helped create jobs for those that needed them
-It created around 9 million jobs working on bridges, roads, and buildings
Social Security Act of 1935
Created both the Social Security Program and a national assistance program for poor children
Court Packing
Where FDR tried to add more members to the Supreme Court to pass his programs
Neutrality Acts
1939 laws designed to keep the United States out of future wars
Political Shift
a result of the evolving position of the Democratic Party on race relations and other issues of interest to conservative Southerners
Elenor Roosevelt
wife of FDR and advisor on domestic issues
The Grapes of Wrath
-John Steinbeck's novel about a struggling farm family during the Great Depression
-Gave a face to the violence and exploitation that migrant farm workers faced in America
Orson Welles - The War of the Worlds
-Welle's broadcast of his play about alien invasion that was broadcasted via radio on Halloween as entertainment
-Millions of people at the time did not realize the broadcast was fiction and went into a panic
Jesse Owens
African American who won 4 gold medals at Olympic games in Germany under Hitler (a blow to Nazi notions of a master race).
Adolf Hitler
Austrian-born founder of the German Nazi Party and chancellor of the Third Reich
Facsism
A political movement that promotes an extreme form of nationalism, a denial of individual rights, and a dictatorial one-party rule
Benito Mussolini
Fascist Dictator of Italy that at first used bullying to gain power, then never had full power
Munich Conference
1938 conference at which European leaders attempted to appease Hitler by turning over the Sudetenland to him in exchange for a promise that Germany would not expand Germany's territory any further
Non-Aggression Pact
1939-Secret agreement between German leader Hitler and Soviet Leader Stalin not to attack one another and to divide Poland
Blitzkrieg
"Lighting war", type of fast-moving warfare used by German forces against Poland in 1939
Dunkirk
port in France from which 300,000 Allied troops were evacuated when their retreat by land was cut off by the German advance in 1940
Battle of Britain
A series of battles between German and British air forces, fought over Britain in 1940-1941
Edward R. Murrow
-American Broadcast journalist who helped bring events of "The American Blitz" to American houses
-used new reporting techniques to emphasize the events
Lend Lease
allows America to sell, lend, or lease arms or other war supplies to any nation considered "vital to the defense of the U.S."
Note 
Flashcard (20)