DCUSH 1302 Unit 2 Exam Review

Militarism

\-improving your military and technology

\-ensuring that your military strength is better than other nations and is displayed as a show of force

Alliances

Triple Alliance and Triple Entente

Imperialism

\-each nation wanting more power

\-focused on natural resources from other areas

\-conquered, occupied, control territories around the world

\-other powerful countries are a threat

Nationalism

\-pride in your nation

\-feeling that your country is better than others

Trench Warfare

A form of warfare in which opposing armies fight each other from trenches dug in the battlefield

14 points

President Woodrow Wilson's plan for organizing post World War I Europe and for avoiding future wars

Franz Ferdinand

\-Archduke of Austria-Hungary was assassinated by a Serbian nationalist

\-A major catalyst for ~~WWI~~

Central Powers

Austria-Hungary, Germany, Ottoman Empire

Allies

Britain, France, and Russia- Later joined by Italy

18th Amendment

Prohibition of alcohol

19th Amendment

Women's suffrage

Neutrality

policy of supporting neither side in a war

submarines

\-could navigate past the blockades

\-undetectable

\-strong offense, no defense

Lusitania

\-American boat that was sunk by the German U-boats

\-made America consider entering WWI

Pancho Villa

-A popular leader during the Mexican Revolution of 1910 -when the revolution started, he formed a cavalry army in the north of Mexico and fought for the rights of the landless in collaboration with Emiliano Zapata.

Unrestricted Submarine Warfare

Germany's Policy of sinking ships with their U-boats, enemy or neutral, that carry war material

Zimmerman Telegram

A telegram Germany Sent to Mexico to convince Mexico to attack the U.S

Bolshevik Revolution

1917 uprising in Russia led by Vladimir Lenin which established a communist government and withdrew Russia from World War I

John J. Pershing

\-US general who chased Villa over 300 miles into Mexico but didn't capture him

\-commander of American Expeditionary forces in Europe

Warren G. Harding

president who called for a return to normalcy following WWI

Espionage Act of 1917

Law which punished people for aiding the enemy or refusing military duty during WW1

The Birth of a Nation

\-Controversial but highly influential and innovative silent film directed by D.W. Griffith

\-It demonstrated the power of film propaganda and revived the KKK

The Great Migration

movement of over 300,000 African American from the rural south into Northern cities between 1914 and 1920 in hopes for jobs

Charlie Chaplin

popular silent film star

Margaret Sanger

-pushed for reform on promoting knowledge about contraceptives

Treaty ofVersailles

Treaty that ended WWI

League of Nations

an international organization formed in 1920 to promote cooperation and peace among nations

Sacco and Vanzetti

\-In 1920 these two men were convicted of murder and robbery

\-They were found guilty and died in the electric chair unfairly

Marcus Garvey

-formed the Universal Negro Improvement Association(UNIA)

Bootleggers

Smugglers of illegal alcohol during the Prohibition era

Al Capone

\-A mob king in Chicago who controlled a large network of speakeasies with enormous profits

\-His illegal activities convey the failure of prohibition in the twenties and the problems with gangs

5 Power Treaty

Britain, France, Italy, Japan, and U.S. limited the construction of warships and decreased their naval power

Radio

\-by 1902 508 radio stations

\-3 million radios in use

\-major broadcasting companies rose to prominence

Red Scare

Fear of communism

Albert Fall

Secretary of Interior under Harding responsible for Teapot Dome scandal

Teapot Dome Scandal

A government scandal involving a former United States Navy oil reserve in Wyoming that was secretly leased to a private oil company in 1921

Harlem Renaissance

A period in the 1920s when African-American achievements in art and music and literature flourished

Louis Armstrong

trumpet player who influenced the development of jazz

F. Scott Fitzgerald

wrote The Great Gatsby

Scopes Trial

1925 trial of a Tennessee schoolteacher for teaching Darwin's theory of evolution

George Herman "Babe" Ruth

first great home run hitter

Charles Lindbergh

made the first nonstop solo flight across the Atlantic

Herbert Hoover

\-elected in 1928

\-successful mining business, secretary of commerce

\-showed good business savvy and seemed poised to continue America's economic boom

Stock market crash of 1929

Plunge in stock market prices that marked the beginning of the Great Depression

Black Thursday

October 24, 1929; stock market crashes and almost 13 million shares are sold that day alone

Hoovervilles

a shantytown built by unemployed and destitute people during the Depression of the early 1930s

Good Neighbor Policy

President Franklin Roosevelt's policy intended to strengthen friendly relations with Latin America

Brain Trust

Group of expert policy advisers who worked with FDR in the 1930s to end the great depression

Franklin D. Roosevelt

President of the United States during most of the Depression and most of World War II

Bonus Army

WWI veterans who marched on Washington demanding their $1,000 bonus pay before the 1945 due date

Scottsboro Boys

Nine black boys were accused of raping two white women near Scottsboro, Alabama

20th Amendment

(FDR) , change of dates for the start of presidential/congressional terms

Margin Trading

borrowing money from brokers to buy stock, paying interest on the borrowed money, and leaving the stock with the broker as collateral

government securities

bonds or other promissory certificates issued by the government

Insider Trading

the illegal trading of a company's stock by people using confidential company information

Paper Companies

Existed only on paper, increased demand for stocks

distribution of income

way in which the nation's income is divided among families, individuals, or other designated groups

Agricultural subsidies

a governmental subsidy paid to farmers and agribusinesses to supplement their income, manage the supply of agricultural commodities and influence the cost and supply of such commodities

German Reparations

Since Germany lost WW1 they had to pay War Damages to Britain and France

Smoot-Hawley Tariff

\-Hoover's attempt to recover industry

\-a tariff that raised rates on imported goods making European goods expensive

\-hoped to increase the reliance on American goods and keep the money at home

Bank Failures

-One of the factors that led to the Great Depression \-- \- -when a bank ran out of reserves to pay customers who wanted to withdraw their deposits

President's Organization on Unemployment Relief (POUR)

help citizens who lost their jobs due to Great Depression

Stimson Doctrine

U.S. policy calling for the non-recognition of international territorial changes that were executed by force

Banking Crisis

When individuals and companies lose confidence in the banking system and withdraw their deposits in what is called a 'run on banks.'

Fireside Chats

radio broadcasts made by FDR to the American people to explain his initiatives

New Deal

A series of reforms enacted by the Franklin Roosevelt administration between 1933 and 1942 with the goal of ending the Great Depression

Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)

\-young men, 17-24 "city boys" would be given jobs, in camps run by the U.S. Army

\-would stock rivers, fight forest fires, clean benches, build wildlife shelters

\-eased unemployment and lowered crime rate

Harry Hopkins

Head of the Federal Emergency Relief Act program (FERA)

Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA)

provided unemployed with free food

Civil Works Administration

Provided jobs for the unemployed

Tennessee Valley Authority

\-help improve regional planning and develop natural resources

\-attacked the nations poorest areas of farmers and sharecroppers who had no electricity, medical care, schooling, or roads

Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA)

Gave farmers money to reduce crop size to reduce production and bring up the value of crops

Dust Bowl

A drought in the 1930s that turned the Great Planes very dry

Southern Tenant Farmers Union (STFU)

tenants and sharecroppers formed an organization to fight ruthless landlords

National Recovery Act

provided money to states to create jobs chiefly in the construction of schools and other community buildings

Fair Labor Standards Act

1938 law that set a minimum wage, a maximum workweek of 44 hours, and outlawed child labor

Security and Exchange Commission

independent agency of the government that regulates financial markets and investment companies

Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation

the government agency that insures customer deposits if a bank fails

21st Amendment

repealed prohibition

Huey P. Long

\-largest challenger to FDR

\-pushed higher taxes for corporations and wealthy

\-wanted to cap earnings

Second New Deal

a new set of programs in the spring of 1935 including additional banking reforms, new tax laws, new relief programs

Works Progress Administration

\-New Deal agency that helped create jobs for those that needed them

\-It created around 9 million jobs working on bridges, roads, and buildings

Social Security Act of 1935

Created both the Social Security Program and a national assistance program for poor children

Court Packing

Where FDR tried to add more members to the Supreme Court to pass his programs

Neutrality Acts

1939 laws designed to keep the United States out of future wars

Political Shift

a result of the evolving position of the Democratic Party on race relations and other issues of interest to conservative Southerners

Elenor Roosevelt

wife of FDR and advisor on domestic issues

The Grapes of Wrath

\-John Steinbeck's novel about a struggling farm family during the Great Depression

\-Gave a face to the violence and exploitation that migrant farm workers faced in America

Orson Welles - The War of the Worlds

\-Welle's broadcast of his play about alien invasion that was broadcasted via radio on Halloween as entertainment

\-Millions of people at the time did not realize the broadcast was fiction and went into a panic

Jesse Owens

African American who won 4 gold medals at Olympic games in Germany under Hitler (a blow to Nazi notions of a master race).

Adolf Hitler

Austrian-born founder of the German Nazi Party and chancellor of the Third Reich

Facsism

A political movement that promotes an extreme form of nationalism, a denial of individual rights, and a dictatorial one-party rule

Benito Mussolini

Fascist Dictator of Italy that at first used bullying to gain power, then never had full power

Munich Conference

1938 conference at which European leaders attempted to appease Hitler by turning over the Sudetenland to him in exchange for a promise that Germany would not expand Germany's territory any further

Non-Aggression Pact

1939-Secret agreement between German leader Hitler and Soviet Leader Stalin not to attack one another and to divide Poland

Blitzkrieg

"Lighting war", type of fast-moving warfare used by German forces against Poland in 1939

Dunkirk

port in France from which 300,000 Allied troops were evacuated when their retreat by land was cut off by the German advance in 1940

Battle of Britain

A series of battles between German and British air forces, fought over Britain in 1940-1941

Edward R. Murrow

\-American Broadcast journalist who helped bring events of "The American Blitz" to American houses

\-used new reporting techniques to emphasize the events

Lend Lease

allows America to sell, lend, or lease arms or other war supplies to any nation considered "vital to the defense of the U.S."