Part 2 - Europe

Henry VII

Ruled wanting a son to continue the Tudor dynasty and created the Church of England to divorce his wife.

Queen Elizabeth I

Ruled England for around 50 years and never married, known as the 'Virgin Queen'.

Sea Dogs

English privateers and pirates authorized by Queen Elizabeth I to raid Spanish ships.

Spanish Armada (1588)

The fleet defeated by the Protestant Wind, marking the decline of Spanish sea power.

Jamestown

The first permanent English settlement in America, founded in 1607 with significant challenges.

Dysentery

A disease causing uncontrollable diarrhea and often death, prevalent in early Jamestown.

John Smith

A leader at Jamestown known for the phrase 'He who does not work, does not eat'.

Powhatan

Father of Pocahontas and leader of a confederacy that fell due to disease and disposability.

John Rolfe

Discoverer of tobacco; helped cultivate it and married Pocahontas.

1619

Year when Africans were first sold as slaves in Jamestown and the House of Burgesses was established.

Indentured Servitude

Labor system where workers receive 'freedom dues' in exchange for their work.

Bacon’s Rebellion

A 1676 uprising of 1000 freedmen against Governor William Berkley and Native Americans.

Colonial Slavery

System where African tribes supplied slaves, with over 20% dying during the Middle Passage.

John Calvin

Theologian known for Calvinism and the doctrine of Predestination, influential among Puritans.

Separatists

Groups wanting to separate from the Anglican Church, harassed by James I.

Mayflower Compact

The first governing document of Plymouth Colony, signed by the Pilgrims.

John Winthrop

Governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony known for promoting 'A City Upon A Hill' concept.

Challenges to Puritan Authority

Responses to Quakers and Baptists including fines and banishment.

Anne Hutchinson

A Puritan dissenter banished for her antinomian beliefs.

Fundamental Orders of Connecticut

The first written constitution in America, established in 1639.

Pequot War

First significant war between Native Americans and settlers, resulting in numerous deaths and enslavement.

King Philip’s War

Conflict between Puritans and Wampanoags leading to the death of King Philip (Metacom).

English Civil War

Conflict between Cavaliers and Roundheads, leading to the beheading of King Charles I.

Restoration

Period after the English Civil War when Charles II reinstated the monarchy and resumed colonization.

South Carolina

Economy based on rice cultivation and plantations, similar to the West Indies.

Maryland

Established as a refuge for English Catholics by Lord Baltimore, known for religious toleration.

Georgia

Founded by James Oglethorpe as a debtor colony with religious tolerance, except for Catholics.

Plantation colonies

Colonies characterized by the cultivation of staple crops and reliance on slavery.

What were the primary motivations for English colonization in America?

Economic opportunity (gold, resources, trade), religious freedom and expansion of Protestantism, and political rivalry with Spain.

Roger Williams

Banished from Massachusetts Bay Colony, he founded Rhode Island on principles of religious freedom and separation of church and state.

House of Burgesses

The first representative legislative body in colonial America, established in Virginia in 1619.

Mercantilism

An economic theory where colonies exist to enrich the mother country through raw materials and markets, leading to policies like the Navigation Acts.