Anatomy Test Uno

Anatomy

Study of the structure and shape of the body and its parts

Physiology

Study of how the body and its parts work or function

Gross Anatomy

Large body structures that are easily observable

Microscopic Anatomy

Structures that can only be viewed with a microscope

Integumentary System

External body covering, protection, regulation of body temperature, and location of nerve receptors

Skeletal System

Protects and supports body organs, provides muscle attachment for movement, site of blood cell formation, and stores calcium and phosphorus

Muscular System

Provides movement, maintains posture, and produces heat

Nervous System

Control center of the body

Endocrine System

Secretes hormones related to growth, reproduction, and metabolism

Cardiovascular System

Transports materials via blood pumped through the heart, such as oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, and wastes

Lymphatic System

Involved with immunity

Respiratory System

Keeps blood supplied with oxygen and removes carbon dioxide

Gastrointestinal System

Digests food, nutrient absorption, and eliminates waste

Excretory System

Eliminates nitrogenous waste

Reproductive System

System of organs involved in producing offspring

Negative Feedback Loop

A feedback loop that causes a system to change in the opposite direction from which it is moving, e.g., maintaining homeostasis

Positive Feedback Loop

Feedback loop that causes a system to change further in the same direction, e.g., childbirth and fruit ripening

Disease

Occurs when homeostasis fails and the body no longer functions properly

Local Disease

Affects one part or a limited region of the body

Systemic Disease

Affects either the entire body or several parts

Acute Disease

Symptoms develop rapidly but the disease lasts only a short time

Chronic Disease

A disease that develops gradually and continues over a long period of time

Anterior

Front of the body

Cephalic

Pertaining to the head

Frontal

Forehead

Orbital

Eye region

Nasal

Nose

Buccal

Cheek

Oral

Mouth

Mental

Chin

Cervical

Neck

Thoracic

Chest

Sternal

Middle of chest

Axillary

Armpit

Abdominal

Abdomen/stomach region

Umbilical

Naval

Pelvic

Below umbilical/lower stomach

Inguinal

Groin

Pubic

Genitals

Upper Limb

Arms + shoulder region

Acromial

Curve of shoulder

Deltoid

Shoulder muscles

Brachial

Upper part of the arm (between shoulder and elbow)

Antebrachial

Forearm

Antecubital

Front of elbow

Carpal

Wrist

Manus

Hand

Digital

Fingers and toes

Lower Limb

Legs

Coxal

Hip

Femoral

Thigh (upper leg)

Patellar

Kneecap

Fibular

Lower leg

Pedal

Foot

Tarsal

Ankle

Occipital

Back of head

Scapular

Upper back region

Vertebral

Middle of back

Lumbar

Lower back area

Sacral

Lowest portion of the back

Gluteal

Buttocks

Olecranon

Back of elbow

Popliteal

Back of knee

Sural

Calf

Calcaneal

Heel of foot

Plantar

Bottom of foot

Superior

Above or towards the head

Inferior

Below or away from the head

Dorsal

Back

Medial

Toward the middle of the body

Lateral

Away from the middle of the body

Proximal

Closer or towards the point of attachment

Distal

Away from the point of attachment

Superficial

Towards the surface of the skin

Deep

Away from the surface of the body, under the skin

Sagittal

Divides body into left and right

Coronal (Frontal) Plane

Separates front and back

Transverse Plane

Separates top half and bottom half

Posterior Body Cavity

Cranial cavity and spinal cavity

Cran