Anatomy Test Uno

anatomy - Study of the structure and shape of the body and its parts

Phisiology - Study of how the body and its parts work or function

gross anatomy - large body structures that are easily observable

Microscopic Anatomy - Structures can only be viewed with a microscope

Intergumentary system - External body covering, Protection, regulate body temperature, and location of nerve receptors

skeletal system - Protects and supports body organs , provides muscle attachment for movement, site of blood cell formation, and stores calcium and phosphorous

Muscular System - Provides movement, and maintain posture, and produces heat

nervous system - control center of the body

endocrine system - secretes hormones: growth, reproduction, and metabolisim

Cardiovascular System - Transport materials via blood pumped through the heart, such as...Oxygen, Carbon Dioxide, Nutrient, and Wastes

Lymphatic System - involved with immunity

respiratory system - Keeps blood supplied with oxygen and Removes carbon dioxide

gastrointestinal system - Digests food, Nutrient absorption, and Eliminates waste

Excretory System - eliminates nitrogenous waste

reproductive system - system of organs involved in producing offspring

negative feedback loop - A feedback loop that causes a system to change in the opposite direction from which it is moving. Ex: maintaining homeostasis

positive feedback loop - feedback loop that causes a system to change further in the same direction. Ex: Childbirth and fruit ripeining

disease - happens when homeostasis fails and the body no longer functions properly

local disease - affects one part or a limited region of the body

systemic disease - affects either the entire body or several parts

acute disease - symptoms develop rapidly but the disease lasts only a short time

chronic disease - a disease that develops gradually and continues over a long period of time

Anterior - front of the body

Cephalic - pertaining to the head

frontal - forehead

Orbital - eye region

nasal - nose

buccal - cheek

oral - mouth

mental - chin

cervical - neck

Thoracic - chest

Sternal (sternum)

middle of chest

auxillary - armpit

Abdominal - abdomen/stomach region

umbilical - naval

pelvic - below umbilical/lower stomach

inguinal - groin

pubic - genitals

Upper limb - arms + shoulder region

acromial - curve of shoulder

deltoid - shoulder muscles

brachial - upper part of the arm (between shoulder and elbow)

ante brachial - forearm

Antecubital - front of elbow

carpal - wrist

manus - hand

digital - fingers and toes

lower limb - legs

coxal - hip

femoral - thigh (upper leg)

patellar - kneecap

fibular - lower lateral leg

pedal - foot

tarsal -ankle

occipital - back of head

scapular - upper back region

Vertebral - middle of back

lumbar - lower back area

sacral - lowest portion of the back

gluteal - buttocks

olecranon - back of elbow

Popliteal - back of knee

sural - calf

Calcaneal - heel of foot

plantar - bottom of foot

Superior - above or towards the head

inferior - below or away from the head

ventral - The anterior surface of the body.

dorsal - posterior

Medial - Toward the middle of the body

Lateral - Away from the middle of the body

Proximal - closer or towards the point of attachment

distal - away from the point of attachment

superficial - towards the surface of the skin

deep - away from the surface of the body, under the skin

Saggital - divides body into left and right

coronal (frontal) plane -separates front and back

transverse plane - separates top half and bottom half

posterior body cavity - cranial cavity and spinal cavity

cranial cavity - houses the brain

spinal cavity - spinal cord

anterior body cavity - thoracic cavity and abdominopelvic cavity

thoracic cavity - houses lungs and heart

abdominopelvic cavity - digestive system + urinary system organs

What separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity? - diaphragm

upper right quadrant - liver, gallbladder

upper left quadrants - stomach and pancreas

lower right quadrant - appendix

lower left quadrant - intestines

fracture - break

contusion/hematoma - bruise

Abrasion - superficial brush burn or cut

dislocation - separation of a joint

lesion - Abnormal tissue or a break in a normal tissue