La Generación del 98 y el Modernismo (AP)

La Generación del 98

"A literary movement in Spain during the late 19th century, reacting to the country's decline and national identity crisis."

Modernismo

"A literary style emphasizing innovation, beauty, and symbolic imagery, often linked to regeneration and progress."

Miguel de Unamuno

"A writer exploring existential themes, known for works like 'Niebla' and 'The Tragic Sense of Life'.”

Pío Baroja

"A novelist critiquing Spanish society's flaws, with works such as 'Camino de perfección' and 'El árbol de la ciencia'."

Azorín (José Martínez Ruiz)

"An essayist emphasizing the beauty of daily life and nostalgia for Spain's traditions."

Ramón María del Valle-Inclán

"A playwright who developed the esperpento technique to critique society through distortion and absurdity."

Niebla

“An existential novel by Unamuno exploring free will and self-identity."

Camino de perfección

"A novel by Baroja about an individual's spiritual journey and critique of societal conventions."

Luces de bohemia

"A play by Valle-Inclán using esperpento to critique Spanish politics and society."

El árbol de la ciencia

"Baroja's novel depicting a young doctor's existential crisis in modernizing Spain."

Esperpento

"A literary technique that distorts reality to expose the grotesque and absurd aspects of society."

Regeneration of Spain

"Efforts by writers to identify causes of decline and propose cultural, political, and educational renewal."

Search for Identity

"Themes exploring existential questions and Spain's struggle for self-definition."

Spanish Landscape

"Celebration of Spain's diverse regions, symbolizing the nation’s cultural and historical richness."

Tradition vs. Modernity

"The tension between Spain’s traditional values and rapid industrialization and urbanization.”

Existentialism

"A recurring theme addressing free will, determinism, and life's meaning in a changing society."

Krausism

"A philosophical influence on the Generation of '98, emphasizing individual freedom and education."

Spanish-American War

"The 1898 conflict marking Spain’s loss of colonies, leading to national crisis and literary reflection."

Innovative Narrative Techniques

"Non-linear storytelling and stream of consciousness, often questioning reality, as seen in Unamuno's 'Niebla'."

Cultural Renewal

"Both movements modernized Spanish literature, introducing innovative themes and styles."

Impressionistic and Lyrical Prose

"Azorín's style emphasizing sensory details and fleeting impressions of the Spanish landscape."

Realism and Social Criticism

"Baroja's frank portrayal of societal struggles and injustices in Spain."

Philosophical Writing

"Unamuno's introspective style exploring identity, purpose, and existential doubt."

Comparison with Modernismo

"Generation of '98 focused on Spanish identity, while Modernismo emphasized aesthetics and cosmopolitanism."

Modernismo Influences

"Shaped by French Symbolism and Parnassianism, contrasting with the Generation of '98's Romanticism and Realism."