CHMY271: Shape and Orbital Hybridization Review

sigma bond

a covalent bond that results from orbital overlap between atomic nuclei; can be s/s, s/p, or head on p/p

single bond

one sigma bond

pi bond

covalent bond where overlapping occurs on the sides of the internuclear axis; side p/p overlap

double bond

one sigma bond and one pi bond

triple bond

one sigma bond and two pi bonds

valence bond theory

states covalent bonds are the result of two and half filled orbitals overlapping

hybrid orbitals

occurs when orbitals overlap in bonds

molecular geometry

orientation of atoms around a central atom

electron geometry

orientation of electrons around a central atom

orbital overlap

part of 2 orbitals share the same space

the amount of hybrid orbitals is equal to…

the combined atomic orbitals

hybrid orbitals form _______ bonds

sigma

orbital

where electrons are most likely to be found; the further from the nucleus, the less there will be present

constructive interference

two bonds in the same phase overlap

destructive interference

two bonds in different phases overlap

induction

the shifting of an electron within its orbital