Methods Review #1

T/F Assessments involve obtaining as much information about your clients and their communication disorders

true

List three common questions asked on a case history form

(children) describe your concerns about your child's language, what language is spoken most at home, does your child seem to understand you; (adult) how long have you been concerned about your language, who first noticed the problem, do you read, describe your education, did you have trouble learning in school

What are the three sections of an intake interview

(opening) introduce yourself & set up meeting, (body) information gathering, (conclusion) explain what you will work on and time for clarifying questions

Provide an example of a question you might ask an adult that complains of a breathy voice quality

in what speaking situations is your voice best/worst, has your voice effected your interactions with other people, have you had any illnesses/accidents

What information could you receive from other professionals

the history of etiology of disorder, treatment histories, notes of other disorders co-occurring

Explain how information from other professionals might be of prognostic value to you

you can use information given to adjust prognosis (ex. Patient with PD and voice disorder will have a worse prognosis because PD is degenerative)

T/F AIDs is a disease where some of the body's white blood cells are destroyed resulting in impairment in the natural defense system

true

When is an adenoidectomy performed

when the adenoids are too large and block the eustachian tubes or nasopharynx

Why might a child be referred to an SLP following an adenoidectomy

hypernasality from velopharyngeal incompetence (VPI)

T/F If chickenpox occurs in the ears there may be a toxic effect that results in bilateral hearing loss

true

Colds usually last __ days

seven days

When does croup usually occur

at night and subsides in a few hours during fall in winter

Encephalitis

acute infection or abnormal swelling of the brain and spinal cord

Who is at greatest risk for encephalitis

babies and elderly

What is the difference between a tension headache and vascular headache

tension: increased strain on muscles in the face, neck and scalp; vascular: increased swelling of blood vessels in the head

T/F High fever can lead to seizures in young children

true

T/F A unilateral hearing loss can occur in a person who has mumps

true

T/F Otitis media is always bacterial and can readily be treated with antibiotics

false

Describe the symptoms of otitis media

feeling of fullness in ear, pain, fever, and hearing loss

Acoustic neuroma

noncancerous tumors that grow in the ear

Why complete an oral mech exam

assess the structure and function of the oral mechanism

What is the purpose of collecting diadochokinetic rates

test articulatory precision

What might result in a palate with an abnormally high arch

difficulties with lingual palatal sounds

T/F Enlarged tonsils may interfere with hearing

true

What is the medical name for tongue tied

Short lingual frenulum

Why should you avoid using yes/no questions while taking a language sample

less data collected and it's not representative of the child's skills

List 5 factors that effect speech intelligibility

fatigue, atypical prosody, disfluencies, rate of speech, number of sound errors, type of sound errors

Why should you determine your child's maximum

know where to start treatment at (determine a baseline)

List three desirable behaviors you might want to track

correct sound production, fluent speech, appropriate vowel productions

List primary sources of pre-assessment information

family, caregivers, teachers, other professionals, patient

What is the purpose of a written case history

understand where the patient perceives their problems and pre-select evaluation materials

Give an example of a closed question asked during an intake interview

which sounds are difficult

Give an example of an open ended question asked during an intake interview

how would you describe your speech

T/F Billy has recently transferred into your school. You can legally call Billy's previous SLP without needing signed consent.

false

List symptoms noted in children with HIV/AIDs

low birth weight, developmental delays, sensorineural hearing loss, upper respiratory diseases

T/F Children with AIDs are prone to more severe infections and are at risk of cancers of the external ear and oral cavity

true

What are allergies

physical disorder caused by hypersensitivity to substances that are eaten, inhaled, or in contact with the skin

What is a potential complication of allergies that SLPs need to be aware of

otitis media resulting from fluid buildup in inner ear.

List three contributing factors asthma

drug use, inhalation of irritants, vigorous exercise, psychosomatic disorder

What is mastoiditis and why does it occur

inflammation of all or part of the mastoid process; when a middle ear infection spreads to the mastoid

T/F German measles and measles are the same disease

false

T/F Otitis media is nearly always associated with a temporary hearing loss

true

What is pneumonia

inflammation of the lungs

When might a tonsillectomy be recommended

reoccurs frequently or becomes severe

When completing an oral mech exam, you notice a greyish color on a client's tongue, palate, or pharynx. What does this indicate?

muscular paralysis or paresis

When completing an oral mech exam, you notice dark red spots on a client's tongue, palate, or pharynx. What does this indicate?

oral cancer

T/F Speech rates of children tend to be faster than adults.

false

List five limitations of taking an accurate case history

poor understanding of terminology and jargon, life events hinder ability to recall information, not enough time, only vaguely recalling milestones, long time between onset and assessment, life events hinder ability to recall certain information, cultural differences

Provide a question you might as a teenager who stutters

when did you first begin stuttering, how has it changed, does it bother you, does anyone in your family stutter

What are the symptoms of chicken pox

Rash that appears in skin and lining of mouth and throat, itching spots, fever

What are the symptoms of cold

nasal congestion, sneezing, mild sore throat, running nose, watery eyes, hoarseness, abdominal pain, cough

T/F Immunity to cold viruses increases as a child grows older.

true

List the causes for a seizure

meningitis, encephalitis, brain tumor, hypoglycemia, brain damage, cerebral palsy

Name a risk related to having a seizure.

brain injury from hitting head during convulsion

What is croup

barking-like cough, viral disorder characterized by hoarseness, respiratory distress, inhalatory stridor resulting from swelling of larynx and trachea

How are dizziness and vertigo different

vertigo is dizziness secondary to middle ear pathology; dizziness is caused by a blow to the head, stroke, TIA, or brain tumor

List some causes for high fever in adults

pneumonia, acute bronchitis, gastroenteritis, tonsillitis, meningitis, influenza, UTI

What is influenza

viral disease characterized by chills, high fever, muscular pains, sore throat, sneezing

What is meningitis and its major symptoms

inflammation of the meninges; fever, headache, chills, nausea, vomiting, photophobia, stiff neck

What can trigger or cause tinnitus

stress, virus, exposure to loud noise, hypertension, diet

Name the materials needed to complete an oral mech exam

tongue depressor, gloves, flashlight, bite block

When do you use a bite block to do

disassociate tongue and jaw movements

How could you incorporate food into an oral mech exam

peanut butter or apple sauce can be strategically placed in the oral cavity to see specific tongue movements

What is asymmetry of the face or palate associate with

neurological impairment or weakness

Why is mouth breathing a concern

restricted pathways to nasal cavities, leading to hyponasality

How long should a speech and language sample be

50-100

How should an SLP perform a speech sample in order to obtain a representative one?

where the child is comfortable, request other people to record samples, vary the contexts

List three questions or activities you might ask or do during a language sample

tell me about your favorite movie/book, pretend I've never had pizza before and describe it to me

Name four parameters that speech rate can directly influence

articulation, intelligibility, voice, fluency

How do you determine a child's speech rate

in a 60 second interval, count the number of words

Name four reasons that calculating overall intelligibility is necessary

determine need for treatment, determine a baseline, identify factors that contribute, monitor progress

List three undesirable behaviors you

misarticulations, disfluencies, instances of throat clearing