Lecture 11 - Knowledge as a Functional Constraint in Motor Development

mind progresses

Cognitive development relates to how the _________________

Piaget’s

Much of our understanding of cognition stems from ______________ theory of development

Progressive, Biological maturity, environmental experience

Jean Piaget believed that cognitive development was a ____________ process that resulted from the interaction of ________________ and _______________

Sensorimotor

Cognitive stage where learning occurs through movements to match environmental sensations

Object Permanence

What perception develops during sensorimotor

Preoperational Stage

Stage of cognitive development involving the first instances of thinking and reasoning. Begins with poor logical thought processes into primitive reasoning

Symbolic Function substage, Intuitive thought substage

Substages of Preoperational Stage of cognitive development

Concrete Operational Stage

Stage of cognitive development involving the begining of concrete logic (multi-step processes, reversibility)

Preoperational Stage, Concrete Operational Stage

Which stage of concrete development is egocentrism developed? Which stage is it eliminated?

Formal Operational Stage

Final stage of cognitive development where intelligence is demonstrated through abstract and hypothetical thought, as well as metacognition

performance

Criticisms of Piagets theory of cognitive development stem from too much focus on ________________

Individual Functional Constraint

What type of constraint is Knowledge?

Knowledge Bases

The amount of information or facts a person has about a given subject

Knowledge

Rules, Strategies, and Motor Patterns are examples of utilizing ______________ in a sports context

Declarative, Procedural, Strategic

The 3 types of knowledge

Declaritive knowledge

Knowledge involving the knowing of rules, concepts, and facts

Acquired through reading, watching, studying. Assessed through paper-pencil tests

How is declarative knowledge acquired? how is it assessed?

Procedural Knowledge

Knowledge involving knowing how to execute or implement knowledge into actions

Acquired through direct experience with task. Assessed with interviews and observation

How is Procedural Knowledge acquired? how is it assessed?

Strategic Knowledge

Knowledge involving the knowing of plans and tactics that can be generalized into other situations

Acquired through studying and experience, Assessed trough paper-pencil tests, interviews, or observation

How is strategic knowledge acquired? how is it assessed?

False, Knowledge is non-linear

True or false, You must acquire procedural knowledge before strategic knowledge

Perception of a sport is necessary to acquire knowledge

What did the French and Thomas basketball study find knowledge in development?

Experts of the sport had better knowledge

What did Starkes find in the study comparing expert and novice women’s field hockey players?

Performance, Cognitive efficiency

More knowledge means better what in a sports context?

Need to remember information, Conscious attention to some tasks

More knowledge means less what in a sports context

Sociocultural Constraints

What constraint can affect our acquisition of knowledge?

Exposure/Experience

Sports _________ can impact knowledge of sports

Cognitive Processing Speed

Major inhibitor for children’s knowledge development.

Reaction Time

Tim from stimulus to initiation of response

Pre-Motor Time

Time between presentation of stimulus and change of EMG of primary movement muscle

Motor Time

Time from change in EMG of primary muscle movement to beginning of performer’s response

Pre-motor Time, Motor Time

Reaction time consists of _________________ and ____________

Reaction Time, Movement Time

Response Time consists of _____________ and _________________

Simple Reaction Time

Type of reaction time where someone clicks a button when a light turns on

Choice Reaction Time

Type of reaction time where someone has to click 2 different buttons based on the color of the light

Discrimination Reaction Time

Type of Reaction Time involving the pressing of on button for a specific color of light when the light is flashing more than one color

Processing

Increased reaction time occurs with increased ____________

Structural

__________ factors are largely inconsequential for processing speed