Chapter 7: Alkyl Halides and Nucleophilic Substitution

These flashcards cover essential vocabulary and concepts from Chapter 7 on Alkyl Halides and Nucleophilic Substitution, facilitating exam preparation.

Alkyl Halides

Organic compounds containing a carbon-halogen bond, where halogens are F, Cl, Br, or I.

Allylic Halides

Halides that are one carbon away from a double bond in an alkene, making them more reactive.

Benzylic Halides

Halides attached to a carbon adjacent to a benzene ring, also generally more reactive.

Nomenclature

The systematic naming of chemical compounds based on established rules.

Boiling Point (bp)

The temperature at which a substance transitions from liquid to gas; alkyl halides typically have higher bps compared to alkanes.

Melting Point (mp)

The temperature at which a substance transitions from solid to liquid; increases with size of the alkyl chain or halogen.

Polarity of C-X Bonds

Describes how the electron density of the C-X bond is uneven, making carbon partially positive.

Vinyl Halides

Halides where the carbon-halogen bond is directly attached to a carbon-carbon double bond; not classified as alkyl halides.

Physical Properties of Alkyl Halides

Alkyl halides are generally insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents, with higher bp and mp than alkanes.

Functional Groups

Specific groups of atoms within molecules that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules.