Unit 2 (Neurons and Brain Anatomy) Quiz
Multiple Choice
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47 Terms
Neurons
Basic units of the nervous system
Hypothalamus
Emotion, drives vital to survival, controls operations of autonomic nervous system, homeostasis
Limbic system
Pituitary gland
The master gland – controlled by the Hypothalamus
Endocrine system
Parathyroids
Regulation of calcium levels in blood, synthesize and release PTH to maintain serum calcium homeostasis
Endocrine System
Thyroid Gland
Produces the hormones needed to regulate metabolic rate, growth, and development.
Endocrine System
Adrenal Glands
Provides hormones to regulate metabolism, response to stress, response to fight or flight.
Endocrine System
Pancreas
Produces enzymes to help digest food, and regulates blood pressure
Endocrine System
Ovary
Female sex hormones
Endocrine System
Testis
Male sex hormones
Endocrine System
ACh(acetylcholine)
Enables muscle action, learning, and memory.
Neurotransmitters
Dopamine
Influences movement, learning,attention, and emotion. Allows you to feel good.
Neurotransmitters
Serotonin
Affects mood, hunger, sleep, and arousal
Neurotransmitters
Norepinephrine
Helps control alertness and arousal
Neurotransmitters
GABA(gamma-aminobutyric acid)
A major inhibitor of neurotransmitter
Neurotransmitters
Glutamate
Major excitatory neurotransmitter, involved in memory.
Neurotransmitters
Endorphins
Natural hormone that improved mood.
Neurotransmitters
Central nervous System
Process, interprets, stores information; issues orders to muscles, glands & organs.
Nervous System
Peripheral Nervous System
Transmits information to and from the CNS.
Nervous System
Somatic Nervous System
Control skeletal muscles
Nervous System
Autonomic Nervous System
Regulates glands, blood vessels, internal organs
Nervous System
Sympathetic Nervous System
Mobilizes body for action, energy output.
Nervous System
Parasympathetic Nervous System
Conserves energy, maintains quiet state.
Nervous System
EEG(electroencephalogram)
brain wave recording
Neural Measure
MEG(magnetoencephalography)
Helps plan brain surgeries for tumor removal
Neural Measure
CT(computed tomography)
Produce images of the inside of the body.
Neural Measure
PET(Positron emission tomography)
Method for analyzing biochemical activity
Neural Measure
MRI(magnetic response imaging)
Method for studying body and brain tissue, using magnetic fields and special radio receivers. Uses magnets.
Neural Measure
fMRI(functional magnetic response imaging)
Helps doctors measure blood flow in the brain without surgery.
Neural Measure
Brainstem
Controls sweating, blood pressure, digestion, temperature (autonomic nervous system), sleep, and heart rate.
Older Brain Structures
Medulla
Controls heartbeat, breathing, and blood pressure.
Older Brain Structures
Thalamus
Body’s information relay station
Older Brain Structures
Reticular Formation
Plays a role in dreaming
Older Brain Structures
Cerebellum
Coordination and voluntary movement, balance and equilibrium.
Older Brain Structures
Pons
Handles unconsious processing and jobs, such as sleep.
Older Brain Structures
Spinal Cord
Bridge between brain and peripheral nerves
Older Brain Structures
Motor Cortex
Generate signals for movement
Cerebral Cortex
Somatosensory Cortex
Receives and processes sensory information
Cerebral Cortex
Visual Cortex
Visual information
In occipital lobe
Cerebral Cortex
Auditory Cortex
Hearing information; detection of sound
Cerebral Cortex
Associated Areas
memory; integrate information from past experiences
Cerebral Cortex
Amygdala
Evaluates sensory information, determines its emotional importance
Limbic System
Hippocampus
Play critical role in long term memory and events
Limbic System
Cerebral Cortex
A thin layer of cells that covers each hemisphere of the brain.
Limbic System
Frontal Lobes
How we interact with surroundings, our emotional responses.
Limbic System
Parietal Lobes
Location for visual attention. Five senses.
Limbic System
Occipital Lobes
visual; visual perception
Limbic System
Temperal Lobes
processing auditory information
Limbic System
