Cardiovascular System Functions and Components

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Functions of the Cardiovascular system

  • To deliver oxygen and nutrients and remove waste products of metabolism

  • Fast chemical signalling to cells by circulating hormones or neurotransmitters

  • Thermoregulation

  • Meditation of inflammatory and host defense response against invading microorganism

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Components of the cardiovascular system (1)

  • Heart (the pump)

  • Blood vessels (the pipes)

  • Blood (the fluid to be moved)

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Components of the cardiovascular system (2)

  • Arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, and veins

    • arterioles → small branching vessels with high resistance

    • capillaries → transport blood between small arteries and venules; exchange of materials

  • Arteries → away from the heart

  • Veins → towards the heart

  • Closed circulatory system

    • generate greater pressures

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<p>Anatomy of the heart </p>

Anatomy of the heart

  • Four chambers

    • 2 atria

    • 2 ventricles

  • Atria

    • thin walled

    • low pressure chambers

    • receive blood returning to the heart

  • Ventricles

    • forward propulsion of blood

<ul><li><p>Four chambers </p><ul><li><p>2 atria </p></li><li><p>2 ventricles </p></li></ul></li><li><p>Atria </p><ul><li><p>thin walled </p></li><li><p>low pressure chambers </p></li><li><p>receive blood returning to the heart </p></li></ul></li><li><p>Ventricles </p><ul><li><p>forward propulsion of blood </p></li></ul></li></ul>
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Septa

  • Divided septa

    • interatrial septum: separates left and right atria

    • interventricular septum: separates left and right ventricles

  • Dual pump

<ul><li><p>Divided septa </p><ul><li><p>interatrial septum: separates left and right atria </p></li><li><p>interventricular septum: separates left and right ventricles </p></li></ul></li><li><p>Dual pump </p></li></ul>

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