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Exploration, Religion Reformation, New World, Monarchies , Colonization
What Country was the first to explore?
Portugal
Who follows after Portuguese Exploration?
Spain/Portugal Territorial War
What was the Treaty of Tordesillas?
Tried to stop Spain and Portugal from fighting (Favored Spain)
Who was the first to circumnavigate the globe in 1517?
Ferdinand Magellan
What did Ferdinand Magellan discover?
Straight of Magellan
What Animals were traded Old-New during Columbian Exchange?
Horse,Pig, Sheep, Cow
What Animals were traded New-Old during Columbian Exchange?
Alpaca, Llama, Turkey, Guinea Pig
What Crops were traded Old-New during Columbian Exchange?
Apple, Carrot, Coffee, Onion, Lettuce, Wheat, Rice, Sugarcane, Watermelon
What Crops were traded New-Old during Columbian Exchange?
Potato, Peanut, Pumpkin, Tomato, Corn, Chili Pepper, Tobacco, Cotton, Cocoa
What Diseases were traded Old-New during Columbian Exchange?
Bubonic Plague, Chicken Pox, Measles, Smallpox, Leprosy
What Disease was traded New-Old during Columbian Exchange?
Syphilis
What is Mercantilism?
Promoted government regulation of nations economy for strengthening state powers
How do you strengthen state power?
Money
Centralization
Colonization
Exporting goods
What did inflation happen in Spain?
Too much money in their economy than the country could use
Who sponsored the Columbus voyage?
Spain
Where did Columbus end up?
Bahamas, 70,000 mi. off course
What were the Bahamas natives called?
Taino
What raw materials did the Taino have?
Gold
How were the Taino affected badly by the Spanish?
Killed by illnesses, women were raped
Columbian Exchange
Europe, East Africa and Americas traded resources
What was direct colonization?
King and Queen rule from afar
Who were viceroy’s ?
Official who rules on behalf of the King and Queen
Ecomienda?
Natives used as slave labor
Who are conquistadors?
Sons of rich families who wouldn’t get any land
What did Hernan Cortez do in 1519?
Colonized Mexico
Who were the Aztecs?
Mexican Natives
What's the Aztec Capital?
Tenochtitlán
What differed between Aztecs and the Incas?
Aztecs: Leader-Speaker from God, made human sacrifices
What did Hernan Cortez do to tributary states?
Turned them against Aztec empire
Aztec leader
Montezuma
What did Jesuits go with Spain
To convert pagan natives
Where were the main Portuguese trading ports?
West Africa, Gao, Hermuz, Malacca, India
Who set up “Natives 2nd” system?
Alfonzo D’lboquerque
What did you need in order to trade in Portuguese ports?
Trading pass
What was Spain’s global network called?
Manila Galleons
What was the Sangley Rebellion?
China and Philippines revolt against Spanish rule
What was the result of the Sangley Rebellion?
20,000 Chinese massacred by Spain
What are trading companies called?
Joint Stock Companies
Whats a Fluyt?
Small dutch boats used for trade
What formed in 1602?
Dutch East India Company
What formed in 1603?
British East India Company
Dutch trading posts
Malacca, Java (Indonesia)
British dreading post
India
What did James Cook do?
Explored Australian Islands
Where were Russia’s trading posts?
Mongol Khanates
Ottoman Empire
Siberia
Alaska
How did Russia colonize Serbia?
Moved criminals
When did Pizarro discover the Incas?
1531
How many soldiers did Pizarro have against the Incas?
Pizarro:146
Incas:80,000
Who’s the Incan leader?
Atahualpa
Why were the Incas weaker?
Finished fighting a 5 year Civil war
What did Pizarro want from the Incas?
Bullion (gold)
What triggered the “battle” between Pizarro and the Incas?
Priest gave Atahualpa a bible, king throws it on the ground
How did Spain win?
Captured Incan king
Martin Luther’s Life
1483-1546
What was Luther against the crusades?
Can’t save yourself by fighting
What are indulgences?
Sins forgiven by paying the church
What was immoral about Rome to Luther?
Priest+Prostitutes
Indulgences
Exploiting the rights of pilgrims
How did Luther want to reform the church?
No papacy
Bible in many languages
What was Luther convicted of?
Being a heretic
Who were the 3 important Renaissance artists?
Da Vinchi
Michelangelo
Raffaell
What were Da Vinchi’s great works?
Mona Lisa
The Last Supper
Vitruvian Man
Annunciation
Lady with an Ermine
What were Michelangello great artworks?
Sistine Chapel Ceiling
David
Pietà
The Last Judgment
What were Raphael’s great artworks?
Raphael's great artworks include:
The School of Athens - A fresco in the Vatican, showcasing classical philosophers.
The Sistine Madonna - A famous painting featuring the Virgin Mary and the Christ Child.
Why were to Medichi’s so well known?
Sponsored a majority of “Renaissance Men”
When were the Peasant Revolts?
1524-1525
Who was the founder of the Puritains?
John Calvin
What is predestination?
God chooses before birth if you’re saved or not
Henry the 8th life
1509-1547
When was the Anglican church created?
1533
What did the Council of Trent help Catholics do?
Priests become more chaste and holier
Who were French Protestants?
Huguentos
What happened in 1572?
St. Bartolomew’s Massacre
What did the Edict of Narrtes allow people to do?
Protestants to live in France
Who was heir to King Henry the 8th?
Edward the 3rd
Who Marries Phillip the 2nd?
Mary
How many Protestants did Mary kill?
300
What happened in 1558?
Mary dies
When was the 30 years war?
1618-1648
Who were the Hapsburgs?
Austrian royal family named Holy Roman Emperors
What religion was the country of Bohemia?
Protestant
What started 30 years war?
Defenestration of the Catholics
Cahtolic side of 30 years war
Spain, Austria
Protestant side of 30 years war
Swiss, English, Germans, Netherlands, France
What was the Peace of Westophia?
Your country decides your religion
How did Phillip the 2nd restrict protestants?
Raised their taxes
When was the war for the Netherlands?
1568-1578
When were the Witch trials?
1580-1700
How many people were put on trial for being witches?
110,000
Why were Jews easy scapegoats?
Wealthy
What countries were Jews kicked out of?
England and France
Why was Spain a good country for Jews to go to?
Religious tolerance and easy lives
What happens in 1492?
All Jews were to be expelled from Spain
What were Conversos?
Jewish to Catholic converts
Why did Catholics doubt the faith of Conversos?
Thought Judaism was in your blood
What did Pope Sixtus the 4th Allow?
The Spanish church to test the faith of Conversos
When did the trials end?
1834
What did an absolute ruler have power over?
Setting laws
Governing
Judiciary power
Who was Cardinal Richelieu?
Non-pious man who puppeted King Louis the 13th
What did Richelieu do to the nobles?
Break their hold on the gov, hired newly rich/poorer people to fill their place
What were intendents?
Government officers for lower classes
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