Untitled Flashcards Set

What is the definition of homeostasis?

The process of maintaining stable internal conditions, such as body temperature and pH.

What are the two types of feedback mechanisms in homeostasis?

Negative feedback and positive feedback.

What does the term 'anterior' refer to in anatomical directions?

The front of the body.

What are the four main types of biomolecules?

Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.

What is a cation?

A positively charged ion.

What is the function of ribosomes in a cell?

They synthesize proteins.

What are the layers of the epidermis?

Stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, stratum corneum.

What type of connective tissue is blood classified as?

Blood is classified as a connective tissue.

What is the function of osteoblasts in bone tissue?

They build bone.

What is the primary role of the nervous system?

To send electrical signals throughout the body.

What neurotransmitter triggers muscle contraction at the neuromuscular junction?

Acetylcholine.

What is the difference between the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS)?

CNS includes the brain and spinal cord; PNS includes all nerves outside the CNS.

What happens during the depolarization phase of an action potential?

Sodium ions (Na⁺) rush in, and the cell becomes positive.

What are the names of the four types of tissue?

Epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous tissues.

What is the defining characteristic of smooth muscle?

It is involuntary muscle responsible for movements in internal organs.

Which layer of the dermis contains sweat and oil glands?

The reticular layer.

What are the three types of muscle tissue?

Skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle.

What is the function of the Golgi apparatus?

It modifies, packages, and ships proteins.

What is the resting potential of a neuron?

The inside of the cell is negative.

What are chondrocytes responsible for?

Maintaining cartilage.

What is a merocrine gland?

A gland that secretes products via vesicles.

What is the function of astrocytes in the nervous system?

They support neurons.