AP Bio Unit 6 Flashcards

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DNA Structure

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Gene Expression, Molecular Genetics

29 Terms

1

DNA Structure

DNA: deoxyribonucleic acid

  • 5-carbon sugar(deoxyribose), phosphate, nitrogenous base(ATCG)

-double helix

-A = T, G = C

-antiparallel strands: 5’ to 3’ AND 3’ to 5’

-Hydrogen bonds bonding base pairs

-Covalent(phosphodiester/hydrophilic) bonds bonding sugar-phosphate backbone

-monomer: nucleotide

Eukaryotes: linear, in the nucleus of a cell(not allowed to leave)

Prokaryotes: circular, floating in the cytoplasm

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2

RNA Structure

RNA: ribonucleic acid

-single-stranded

-A = U, G = C

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3

DNA Replication

happens during S phase of interphase

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4

Replication Fork

where DNA is unwound, forming a replication fork by DNA helicase

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5

Topoisomerase

Prevent DNA ahead of replication fork from getting wound up too tightly(cuts temporary “nicks” to relieve tension and reseals them later

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6

Helicase

unwinds double helix by breaking hydrogen bonds

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7

Single-Stranded Binding Proteins

Stabilizes and keep strands at the replication fork from winding back up

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8

RNA Primase

Makes an RNA primer that provides a 3’ end for the DNA polymerase to work on

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9

Leading Strand

New DNA strand that is made in 1 continuous piece

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10

Lagging Strand

DNA strand that is made in small pieces

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11

Primer

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12

RNA Primer

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13

DNA Polymerase I

Removes the RNA primers and replaces it with DNA nucleotides

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14

DNA Polymerase III

Attach at RNA primers and adds complementary DNA nulecotides

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15

Ligase

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16

Exonuclease

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17

Okazaki Fragments

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18

Semi-Conservative

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19
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20

DNA Regulation

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21

RNA Structure

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22

Replication

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23

Transcription and RNA Processing

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24

Translation

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25

Regulation of Gene Expression

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26

Gene Expression and Cell Specialization

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27

Mutations

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28

Biotechnology

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29
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