gov unit 5

Article II, Section 2

The president has the power to pardon (let free) any person who has committed a federal crime, except in cases of impeachment.

Federalist 70

single legislature, multiple executives. 1) energy 2) decisiveness 3) accountability 4) multiple people would cause dilution of power 5) avoid disagreement leading to slow decision. 

Formal/Enumerated Powers

powers of the presidency expressly granted in the constitution. 

Informal powers

powers not laid out in the constitution but used to carry out the presidential duties. 

divided government

a situation that occurs when control of the presidency and one or both chambers of congress is split between the two major parties.

unified government

a government in which the same party controls both the white house and both houses of Congress.

gridlock

a slowdown or halt in congresses ability to legislate and overcome visions, especially those based on partisanship.

state of the union address

the annual speech from the president to congress updating that branch on the state of national affairs.

treaty

an agreement with a foreign gov negotiated by the president and requiring ⅔ vote in the senate to ratify. 

veto

formal rejection by the president of a bill that has passed both houses of congress.

pocket veto

an informal veto caused when the president chooses not to sign a bill within ten days, during a time when congress has adjourned at the end of a session.

veto message

the power to prevent legislation or action proposed by others

reprieves

the presidential power to postpone the execution of a sentence imposed by a court of law

pardons

The granting of a release from the punishment or legal consequences of a crime

Executive privilege

a right claimed by presidents to keep certain conversations, records, and transcripts confidential from outside scrutiny, especially that of congress.

Executive agreement

an agreement between a president and another nation that does not have the same durability in the american system as a treaty but does not require senate ratification.

signing statement

official pronouncements issued by the President of the United States at or near the time a bill is signed into law

executive order

policy directives issued by presidents that do not require congressional approval. 

authorized use of military force

Allows the president to use the necessary and appropriate force to fight the war on terror.

Gulf Of Tonkin Resolution (1964)

gave U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson authorization, without a formal declaration of war by Congress, for the use of military force in Southeast Asia.

War Powers Resolution (1973)

 a law passed over president nixons veto that restricts the power of the president to maintain troops in combat for more than 60 days without congressional authorization.

impeachment

Formal accusation by the lower house of legislature against a public official, the first step in removal from office. 

impoundment

president refuses to disperse funds that congress told him to

Line Item Veto

congress passed a law allowing the president to be able to veto parts of a law, but not the whole law

Executive Office Of the President

a collection of offices within the White House organization designed mainly to provide info to the president. 

Bargaining and Persuasion

an informal tool used by president to persuade members of congress to support their policy initiates. 

bully pulpit

presidents appeals to the public to pressure other branches of gov to support their policies.

going public

a tactic through which presidents reach out directly to the american people with the hope that the people will, in turn, put pressure upon their reps and senators to press for a presidents policy goals. 

the dream act

develop relief and education for Alien Minors, children here by no fault of their own can be granted citizenship and give them the opportunity to follow the American dream

electoral college

a constitutionally required process for selecting the president through slates of electors chosen in each state, who are pledged to vote for a nominee in the presidental election. 

pitiful helpless giant

the president is big but dosent have that much power bc the power is in the branches. 

imperial president

president is a super powerful scary position and no one can stop them. 

12 amendment

due to the election of 1800 electors have to case two separate ballots - one for president and one for rep

20 amendment

moves inauguration from march to january

22nd amendment

cant be elected prez more than twice

23rd amendment

extends voting rights to the district of Columbia

25th amendment

if prez dies then vp becomes president.

US v Nixon

recorded all his convos and claimed he didn’t have to submit them to congress because executive privilege. In this case, federal law overpowers executive privilege.

Clinton v Jones

challenges presidential immunity bc he was sued during his presidency but the action was done before he became president.

Clinton v City of NY

SC rules you can’t pick and choose what goes on a bill

Hamdi v Rumsfeld

Citizen combatants have habeus rights

Rasul v Bush

Non Citizens at gitmo still have habeus rights

Hamdan v Rumsfield

Bush lacked authority to create military commissions under tribunals

Boumediene v. Bush

the military commissions act was unconstitutional and stripped 5th amendment rights.

US v Texas

repealed Obamas deferred action for parents of Americans by allowed lower court ruling to stand.

Trump V Hawaii

Challenged trumps travel ban and forced him to revise it

Train v city of NY

SC says president cant refuse to impound because its not within presidents authority

Clinton V City of NY

SC says president cant pick and choose what goes into a bill (against line item veto)