Chapter14

Preoperative Phase

Begins when the decision to proceed with surgical intervention is made and ends with the transfer of the patient onto the operating room bed.

Intraoperative Phase

Begins when the patient is transferred onto the operating room bed and ends with admission to the PACU.

Postoperative Phase

Begins with the admission of the patient to the PACU and ends with a follow-up evaluation in the clinical setting or home.

Surgical Classification

Categorization of surgery based on diagnosis, cure, repair, or type such as reconstructive, cosmetic, or palliative.

Preadmission Testing

Initiates the nursing assessment process and verifies completion of preoperative diagnostic testing.

Preoperative Assessment

Evaluation of the patient's health history, physical exam, medications, allergies, and other health factors before surgery.

Informed Consent

Written agreement required before nonemergent surgery that protects both the patient and the surgeon.

Patient Education

Instruction provided to patients regarding deep breathing, mobility, pain management, and cognitive coping strategies.

Immediate Preoperative Nursing Interventions

Actions such as changing the patient into a gown, administering preanesthetic medication, and ensuring patient safety.

Gerontologic Considerations

Considerations for elderly patients, including lower cardiac reserves and potential for reduced renal and hepatic function.