Fuels, Hydrocarbons, Homologous Series

Flashcards about Fuels, Hydrocarbons, and Homologous Series

What are the most common fossil fuels?

Coal, oil, and gas

What is a fraction in the context of fuels?

A group of compounds with similar boiling points

What two products result from the complete combustion of a hydrocarbon?

Carbon dioxide and water

What term describes a reaction or process that gives out energy?

Exothermic

What term describes a reaction or process that takes in energy?

Endothermic

What units are used for measuring energy?

Joules (J) or kilojoules (kJ)

What is the formula for calculating energy gained by water?

E = mcΔT, where E is energy, m is mass, c is specific heat capacity, and ΔT is change in temperature

What elements does a hydrocarbon contain?

Carbon and hydrogen only

What is a homologous series?

A family of compounds with the same general formula and similar chemical properties

What is the general formula for Alkanes?

CnH2n+2

What is the general formula for Alkenes?

CnH2n

What is the general formula for Cycloalkanes?

CnH2n

Are alkanes saturated or unsaturated?

Saturated

Are alkenes saturated or unsaturated?

Unsaturated

Are cycloalkanes saturated or unsaturated?

Saturated

What type of reaction occurs when hydrogen is added to an alkene to make an alkane?

Hydrogenation

What type of reaction occurs when water is added to an alkene to make an alcohol?

Hydration

What are isomers?

Molecules with the same molecular formula but different structural formulas

What functional group do alcohols contain?

Hydroxyl (-OH)

What functional group do Carboxylic Acids contain?

Carboxyl (-COOH)