Basics of changing places

What is a place in geography?

A portion of geographic space given meaning by people

What are the three aspects of place?

Location, locale, sense of place

What is 'Locale'?

Places where everyday activities occur, shaping social interactions.

Define 'Sense of Place'.

The emotional and subjective attachment to a place.

What are endogenous factors?

Internal factors shaping a place (e.g. location, physical geography).

What are exogenous factors?

External influences on a place (e.g. migration, globalisation).

What is globalisation?

Increasing interconnectedness through trade and cultural exchange.

What is worldwide interdependence?

Interlinked economies and societies due to global trade/communication.

What is 'Representation' of a place?

How a place is portrayed through media, art, or advertising.

What is 'Identity' in place theory?

Unique characteristics that make a place recognisable.

What is AONB?

Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty, protected for conservation.

Example of conflict in Chichester Harbour?

Tourists vs. farmers vs. environmentalists vs. locals.

What is formal data?

Objective, statistical data (e.g. census, maps).

What is informal data?

Subjective interpretations (e.g. art, music, news articles).

What sector extracts natural products?

Primary sector.

What sector processes raw materials?

Secondary sector.

What sector offers services?

Tertiary sector.

What is the Quaternary sector?

Sector focused on research, IT, and knowledge.

Define economic restructuring.

Major changes in the structure of employment/economy.

Case study for restructuring?

Ebbw Vale steelworks relocation to Port Talbot.

What is deindustrialisation?

Decline of manufacturing industries in urban areas.

Social consequences of deindustrialisation?

Deprivation, social exclusion, territorial stigmatisation.

What is social exclusion?

Being marginalised from society’s resources (e.g. housing, jobs).

What is the Clark-Fisher Model?

A model showing changes in employment sectors over time.

What is the service economy?

Economy dominated by tertiary and quaternary sectors.

What is gentrification?

Wealthy people renovating and replacing poorer communities.

Benefits of city living?

Proximity, accessibility, skilled labour.

What is reurbanisation?

Movement of people back into urban centres.

Name one city with a major knowledge economy.

Silicon Valley, California.

What is the multiplier effect?

One new job creating multiple jobs in the wider economy.

What is digital exclusion?

Lack of access or skills to use digital technologies.

What is rurality?

Degree to which an area is non-urban and agricultural.

What is the rural idyll?

Romanticised view of rural life.

What is rebranding?

Changing the image and identity of a place.

Example of rural rebranding?

Eden Project or Glastonbury Festival.

Challenges in rural areas?

Ageing population, second home ownership, lack of services.

What is a Community Land Trust?

Locals buying/gifting land to create affordable housing.

What is counter-urbanisation?

Movement from cities to rural areas.

What is urban regeneration?

Improving urban infrastructure/environment to stimulate growth.

Example of urban rebranding strategy?

Heart of Manchester BID.

What is culture-led regeneration?

Reviving areas through cultural investments (e.g. museums).

What is boosterism?

Promoting a place to attract investment/tourism.

What is the aim of urban rebranding?

To improve perceptions and attract new investment.

What is overheating in cities?

Excessive demand causing conflict and rising costs.

What are greyfield sites?

Underused urban land suitable for redevelopment.

What is segregation in cities?

Separation of groups by ethnicity, class, etc.

What causes residential segregation?

Income inequality, housing policy, social threat.

How can governments reduce urban inequality?

Affordable housing, inclusive planning, social policy.