Biochem lab 1

Amino acids

building blocks of protein

essential amino acid

it cannot synthesize inside our body

glutamic acid

a major excitatory neurotransmitter; glutathione; flavorant (MSG)

aspartic acid

aspartate; sweetening agent

Histidine

precursor of histamine

Arginine

basic amino acid

Aromatic amino acid

benzene ring; nonpolar

Phenylalanine

phenylhydroxylase

Tyrosine

catecholamines; casein (milk)

Tryptophan

serotonin, melatonin, niacin (vitamin B3)

Methionine

start codon (AUG)

Cysteine

GSH (glutathione)

glycine

simplest; heme synthesis; GSH

Proline

imino acid; collagen

Alanine

simplest chiral amino acid

Serine

alcohol amino acid; primary alcohol

Threonine

alcohol amino acid; secondary alcohol

Glutamine

amide of glutamic acid

Asparagine

amide of aspartic acid

Tyrosine

precursor of dopamine

Ketogenic amino acids

lysine and leucine

Mixed ketogenic and glucogenic

phenylalanine, isoleucine, tyrosine, tryptophan

Glucogenic amino acids

remaining amino acids

Primary structure

peptide bond

Secondary structure

hydrogen bond

Tertiary structure

hydrogen bond and salt bridge

Quaternary structure

non-covalent hydrogen bonds

Secondary structure

local folding

Alpha helix

keratin

Beta sheet

fibrin

Triple helix

collagen

Structural proteins

collagen, elastin, keratin

Collagen

tendon and cartilage

Elastin

ligaments

Keratin

hair, nail, feather

Fibroin

silk or web

Enzymes

catalytic activity (-ase)

Transport proteins

albumin, glycoprotein, transferrin

Storage proteins

ovalbumin, gluten, casein, ferritin

Contractile proteins

actin, myosin, tubulin

IgG

crosses the placenta (preGGy)

IgA

secretion (lAwAy, luhA, gAtas)

IgM

biggest (mabilis, malaki, mauuna)

IgE

allergy (ellergy)

IgD

unknown (Di ko alam)

Collagen (extra)

most abundant protein in vertebrates; tensile strength of tendon & skin

Keratin (extra)

outermost skin layer and hair

Elastin (extra)

fractal component of arterial vessels and ligaments

Enzyme

catalyst of biological system

Apoenzyme

protein portion

Cofactor

non-protein portion

Holoenzyme

protein + non-protein portion

Zymogen

inactive enzyme

Coenzyme

active enzyme form

Eli Lilly

disco